ASE Technology Holding Co., Ltd.

ASX

ASE Technology Holding Co., Ltd., together with its subsidiaries, provides semiconductor manufacturing services in the United States, Taiwan, rest of Asia, Europe, and internationally. It operates through Packaging, Testing, and EMS. The company offers semiconductor packaging, interconnect materials production, front-end engineering testing, wafer probing, and final testing services, as well as integrated solutions for EMS (electronic manufacturing services) in relation to computing, peripherals, communications, industrial, automotive, and server applications.

About the company

Country: TaiwanPrice: $35.55Market Cap: $78.5B

Investment snapshot

12%positive consensus

Scored 1d ago

Positive

BUY / PASS

Neutral / negative

2 / 12

NEUTRAL / FAIL

Median fair value

$3.81

-89.3% vs price

Models with upside

0 / 17

Positive margin of safety

Key risk

No clean pass — all 13 investors flag at least one valuation criterion

Framework analysis

Verdict	Meaning
BUY	Positive purchase signal: the framework's buy requirements are met.
PASS	The company clears the framework's checklist or screen, but the framework does not produce a buy signal. For valuation frameworks this often means margin of safety is missing, insufficient, or unavailable; some screen-only frameworks have no intrinsic-value BUY state.
NEUTRAL	Neither a positive nor negative conclusion. It does not mean to hold an existing position.
FAIL	The company does not clear the framework's requirements.
Ranked	Ranked strategies do not use PASS: selected cohort is BUY, outside the cohort is FAIL, and unranked is NEUTRAL.

Current investor scores use trailing 12-month flows and the latest balance sheet where supported. Multi-year and EPS tests retain annual history; each framework shows its financial basis below. Intrinsic values use annual financials.

Metric	Graham Defensive Value	Buffett Quality Compounder	Lynch GARP	Greenblatt Magic Formula	Piotroski F-Score	Dreman Contrarian Value	Munger Quality Focus	Pabrai Dhandho Framework	Akre Three-Legged Stool	Marks Risk-Aware Value	Ackman Activist Value	Templeton Global Bargain Hunter	Sleep Scale Economies Shared	Asness Systematic Factors	Neff Low-P/E Total Return	Schloss Asset-Value Discipline	O'Shaughnessy Systematic Factor Composite
Verdict	FAIL	PASS	FAIL	FAIL · Rank #1622 (Top 52.4%)	NEUTRAL	FAIL	FAIL	FAIL	FAIL	FAIL	FAIL	PASS	FAIL	FAIL	FAIL	FAIL	NEUTRAL
Score
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Intrinsic Value (annual)		N/A			N/A		N/A			N/A	N/A		N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Margin of Safety	-351.1%	N/A	-1178.8%	-608.2%	N/A	-366.5%	N/A	-395.1%	-197.7%	N/A	N/A	-248.5%	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Financial Basis	Annual history · FY 2025 Latest source filing: 2026-04-01 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 Latest source filing: 2026-04-01 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 Latest source filing: 2026-04-01 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 Latest source filing: 2026-04-01 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 Latest source filing: 2026-04-01 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 · Market data at 2026-11-01 Latest source filing: 2026-04-01 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Qualitative assessment · Annual history · FY 2025 Latest source filing: 2026-04-01 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Qualitative assessment · Annual history · FY 2025 Latest source filing: 2026-04-01 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 · Qualitative assessment Latest source filing: 2026-04-01 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 · Qualitative assessment Latest source filing: 2026-04-01 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 · Market data at 2026-11-01 Latest source filing: 2026-04-01 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 · Price history 2025-01-01–2026-11-01 Latest source filing: 2026-04-01 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 · Qualitative assessment Latest source filing: 2026-04-01 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 · Price history 2025-01-01–2026-11-01 Latest source filing: 2026-04-01 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 Latest source filing: 2026-04-01 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 Latest source filing: 2026-04-01 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 · Price history 2025-01-01–2026-11-01 Latest source filing: 2026-04-01 Score computed: 2026-11-14

Where It Passes

Where It Falls Short

Valuation0% pass✓ 1✗ 27▾
No clean pass — all 13 investors flag at least one valuation criterion
Price / 3-yr avg EPS70.0x
✗Graham<= 15x
Price-to-Book Ratio7.2x
✗Graham<= 1.5x
P/E x P/B505.20
✗Graham<= 22.5
Basic earnings-growth PEG (dividends excluded)12.79
✗Lynch< 1.0 (ideally < 0.5)
EBIT / Enterprise Value2.0%
✗Greenblatt> 10%
Earnings Yield + ROC AssessmentEY=2.0%, ROC=12.1%
✗GreenblattBoth EY > 10% and ROC > 25%
Price / EPS63.5x
✗Dreman< 12x✗Templeton< 12x (fixed ceiling; proxy for the market's cheapest 40%)
Price / (CFO / Shares)17.4x
✗Dreman< 8x
Price / Book Value per Share7.2x
✗Dreman< 1.2x✗Templeton< 1.5x✗SchlossP/B <= 0.80x (app cutoff)
Valuation ReasonablenessP/E=63.5x, OE Yield=-2.3%
✗MungerP/E < 25 or Owner Earnings Yield > 5%
P/E or FCF YieldP/E=63.5x, FCF Yield=-0.9%
✗PabraiP/E < 15 or FCF Yield > 10%
P/B or P/E vs. Historical AverageP/E=63.5x, P/B=7.2x
✗MarksP/E < 15 or P/B < 2.0
Discount to Intrinsic Value-366.7% (IV=$3.81 vs Price=$17.77)
✗Marks>= 20% below intrinsic value
Price / FCF per ShareN/A (negative FCF)
✗Ackman<= 25
Price vs. Trailing Low407% of trailing low ($4.36)
✗Templeton<= 120% of trailing low (certified split-adjusted live window)
Net income / market capitalization+1.63%; #2819/6340 (top 44.5%)
✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
Positive book equity / market capitalization+0.1396; #4531/6449 (top 70.3%)
✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
Price / Diluted EPS63.5x
✗NeffP/E <= 15x (app proxy for a P/E 40%-60% below the market)
(EPS CAGR % + Dividend Yield %) / P/E
✗Neff> 0.7 (Neff's published traditional edge)
Price / Tangible Book Value per Share8.92x
✗SchlossP/TBV <= 1.00x (app cutoff)
Book Value per Share Change+39.2%
✓SchlossLatest BVPS >= earliest BVPS over >= 3 years (app rule)
Revenue / market capitalization+0.2632; #3495/5247 (top 66.6%)
✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
(Operating cash flow - capex) / market capitalization-0.91%; #2658/4519 (top 58.8%)
✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
Trailing six-month price return through the evaluation date+43.12%; #758/6202 (top 12.2%)
✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
Valuation models0% pass✗ 7▾
ASX overvalued: all 7 models price fair value below $35.55 (median $3.81)
Graham fair value$3.94
✗Graham-351.1% margin vs $35.55
Lynch fair value$1.39
✗Lynch-1178.8% margin vs $35.55
Greenblatt fair value$2.51
✗Greenblatt-608.2% margin vs $35.55
Dreman fair value$3.81
✗Dreman-366.5% margin vs $35.55
Pabrai fair value$3.59
✗Pabrai-395.1% margin vs $35.55
Akre fair value$5.97
✗Akre-197.7% margin vs $35.55
Templeton fair value$5.10
✗Templeton-248.5% margin vs $35.55
Efficiency13% pass✓ 3✗ 8▾
7 of 8 flag ASX's efficiency — Graham, Greenblatt, Piotroski +4 more
Current Ratio1.26
✗Graham>= 2.0
ROIC (3-5 yr avg)11.7%
✓Buffett> 10%
ROIC - WACC+1.7%
✓BuffettPositive (WACC = 10%)
EBIT / (NWC + Net Fixed Assets)12.1%
✗Greenblatt> 25%
Current Ratio Change YoY1.17 -> 1.26
✓PiotroskiIncreased YoY
Revenue / Total Assets Change YoY0.80x -> 0.73x
✗PiotroskiImproved YoY
Current Assets / Current Liabilities1.26
✗Dreman> 1.5
Return on Invested Capital7.0%
✗Munger> 15%
ROIC (high and growing)FY2023: ROIC=8.0%; FY2024: ROIC=6.7%; FY2025: ROIC=7.0%
✗AkreLatest 3 consecutive FYs: ROIC > 15% in each
Reinvestment Rate x ROIC7.0% (RR=100% x ROIC=7.0%)
✗AkreReinvestment Rate * ROIC > 10%
ROIC (5-year)2/5 years above 12% (latest 7.0%)
✗SleepROIC > 12% in a majority of years
Verdicts13% pass✓ 2✗ 13▾
Split decision: 12 FAIL · 2 PASS · 2 NEUTRAL
Overall verdict
✗GrahamFAIL (1/9)✓BuffettPASS (4/9)✗LynchFAIL (1/7)✗GreenblattRank #1622•PiotroskiNEUTRAL (F-Score 6)✗DremanFAIL (2/11)✗MungerFAIL (0/4)✗PabraiFAIL (0/3)✗AkreFAIL (0/6)✗MarksFAIL (3/5)✗AckmanFAIL (3/9)✓TempletonPASS (4/8)✗SleepFAIL (1/6)✗AsnessFAIL (Rank #1003/2370 (Top 42.3%))✗NeffFAIL (1/6)✗SchlossFAIL (3/7)•OshaughnessyNEUTRAL (Not ranked)
Profitability19% pass✓ 13✗ 22▾
13 of 16 flag ASX's profitability — Graham, Buffett, Lynch +10 more
Positive EPS (10 years)11/12 years positive
✗GrahamPositive EPS every year for 10 years
EPS Growth (3-yr avg, 10-yr window)
✗Graham>= 33% growth
Net Income Positive (10+ years)11/12 years positive
✗BuffettPositive every year for 10+ years
ROE (up to 5-year arithmetic mean)15.7%
✓Buffett> 15% arithmetic mean (app rule)
Operating Margin (10-yr trend)8.0% (latest)
✓BuffettStable or rising over 10 years
Free Cash Flow Proxy$-211.0M
✗BuffettPositive and growing
Earnings Variance (10-yr CoV)
✗BuffettCoV < 0.3
Retained Earnings Effectiveness
✗Buffett$1 retained -> > $1 market value created
Basic earnings-growth PEG (dividends excluded)12.79
✗Lynch< 1.0 (ideally < 0.5)
3-5 Year EPS CAGR5.0%
✓Lynch15-30% (Fast Grower); > 0% to pass
ROE11.7%
✗Lynch> 15%
EBIT / Enterprise Value2.0%
✗Greenblatt> 10%
Earnings Yield + ROC AssessmentEY=2.0%, ROC=12.1%
✗GreenblattBoth EY > 10% and ROC > 25%
Net Income / Total Assets4.50%
✓PiotroskiROA > 0
ROA Change YoY4.37% -> 4.50% (delta: +0.13%)
✓PiotroskiCurrent ROA > Prior ROA
(CFO / Total Assets) vs ROACFO/Assets=15.99%, ROA=4.50%
✓PiotroskiCFO/Assets > ROA
Gross Margin Change YoY16.3% -> 17.7%
✓PiotroskiImproved YoY
Pre-Tax Income / Revenue7.9%
✗Dreman>= 8%
Net Income / Shareholders' Equity11.7%
✗Dreman> 12%
Margin of SafetyP/E=63.5x, P/B=7.2x
✗PabraiP/B < 1.5 or P/E < 15
Return on Equity11.3% (3-yr avg)
✗AkreROE > 20% (3-year avg)
Discount to Intrinsic Value-366.7% (IV=$3.81 vs Price=$17.77)
✗Marks>= 20% below intrinsic value
Positive Net Income Frequency11/11 years positive
✓MarksPositive net income in >= 7 of last 10 years
Operating Income / Revenue8.0%
✗Ackman>= 15%
Net Income / Shareholders Equity11.7%
✗Ackman>= 15%
5-Year EPS CAGR5.0% CAGR over 5 years
✓Templeton> 0% (5-year EPS CAGR)
Operating Margin Trend7.2% (2023) -> 8.0% (2025)
✓TempletonNon-negative operating-margin trend over 3 years
Revenue growth vs. gross and operating margin trendgross margin 15.8% -> 17.7%, operating margin 7.2% -> 8.0%
✗SleepRevenue rising; gross margin flat or falling; operating margin holding
Net income / market capitalization+1.63%; #2819/6340 (top 44.5%)
✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
Gross profit / total assets+12.84%; #2586/3702 (top 69.9%)
✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
Net income / positive book equity+11.69%; #1553/5226 (top 29.7%)
✓AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
Negative 5-year standard deviation of ROA-0.0203; #1451/5884 (top 24.7%)
✓AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
3-5 Year Diluted EPS CAGR5.0% over 5 years
✗Neff7%-20% annualized
Positive Diluted-EPS Years10/10 years positive
✓Schloss>= 70% positive over 5-10 observed years (app rule)
Debt & Leverage25% pass✓ 5✗ 10▾
9 of 12 flag ASX's debt & leverage — Graham, Buffett, Lynch +6 more
LT Debt vs Net Current AssetsLT Debt $6.5B vs NCA $2.1B
✗GrahamLT Debt <= Net Current Assets
Debt/Equity & Interest CoverageD/E: 0.69, IC: 6.9x
✗BuffettD/E < 0.5 AND Interest Coverage > 5x
Total Debt / Equity0.69
✗Lynch< 0.33
Cash - Long-term Debt$-3.5B
✗LynchPositive preferred
LT Debt / Total Assets Change16.43% -> 22.78%
✗PiotroskiDecreased YoY
Current Assets / Current Liabilities1.26
✗Dreman> 1.5✗SchlossCurrent ratio >= 1.50x (app cutoff)
Total Debt / Shareholders' Equity0.69
✓Dreman< 0.8✓Templeton< 1.0 (fixed cap; proxy for below-sector-median leverage)✓SchlossD/E < 1.00x
Debt Levels0.69
✗MungerDebt/Equity < 0.5✗AkreDebt/Equity < 0.3
Interest Coverage & Debt/EBITDAIC=6.9x, D/EBITDA=2.0x
✓MarksInterest Coverage > 3x; Debt/EBITDA < 4x
Total Debt / Shareholders Equity0.69
✓Ackman<= 1.0
Negative debt-to-equity (higher means less debt)-0.6851; #2814/4210 (top 66.8%)
✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
Growth25% pass✓ 3✗ 10▾
6 of 8 flag ASX's growth — Graham, Lynch, Dreman +3 more
EPS Growth (3-yr avg, 10-yr window)
✗Graham>= 33% growth
Basic earnings-growth PEG (dividends excluded)12.79
✗Lynch< 1.0 (ideally < 0.5)
3-5 Year EPS CAGR5.0%
✓Lynch15-30% (Fast Grower); > 0% to pass
Inventory Growth vs Revenue GrowthInv: 20.1% vs Rev: 13.7%
✗LynchInventory growth < Revenue growth
EPS Growth Direction
✗DremanPositive over recent years
EPS CAGR
✗Dreman> 5% annualized
Positive Net Income Frequency11/11 years positive
✓MarksPositive net income in >= 7 of last 10 years
3yr Median Revenue Growth-4.1%
✗Ackman>= 5%
Positive EPS Growth Frequency2/5 years with positive EPS growth
✗AckmanPositive EPS growth in >= 3 of last 5 years
5-Year EPS CAGR5.0% CAGR over 5 years
✓Templeton> 0% (5-year EPS CAGR)
Revenue growth vs. gross and operating margin trendgross margin 15.8% -> 17.7%, operating margin 7.2% -> 8.0%
✗SleepRevenue rising; gross margin flat or falling; operating margin holding
5-year Revenue CAGR4.0%
✗SleepCAGR > 7%
3-5 Year Diluted EPS CAGR5.0% over 5 years
✗Neff7%-20% annualized
Cash Flow30% pass✓ 4✗ 8▾
7 of 10 flag ASX's cash flow — Buffett, Lynch, Dreman +4 more
Free Cash Flow Proxy$-211.0M
✗BuffettPositive and growing
FCF Positive and Growing$-716.7M
✗LynchPositive and growing
Operating Cash Flow$4.6B
✓PiotroskiCFO > 0
(CFO / Total Assets) vs ROACFO/Assets=15.99%, ROA=4.50%
✓PiotroskiCFO/Assets > ROA
Price / (CFO / Shares)17.4x
✗Dreman< 8x
P/E or FCF YieldP/E=63.5x, FCF Yield=-0.9%
✗PabraiP/E < 15 or FCF Yield > 10%
FCF Positive10/11 years FCF positive
✓MarksPositive FCF in majority of recent years
(OCF - CapEx) / Market Cap-0.9%
✗Ackman>= 4%
Price / FCF per ShareN/A (negative FCF)
✗Ackman<= 25
Positive Operating Cash Flow frequency11/11 years positive
✓SleepPositive OCF in >= 70% of available years
Operating Cash Flow - Capital Expenditures$-716.7M
✗Neff> $0 (app proxy for a strong fundamental case)
(Operating cash flow - capex) / market capitalization-0.91%; #2658/4519 (top 58.8%)
✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section

Business & financials

Financial snapshot: annual FY 2025. Current investor scores may use newer quarterly data.

Company Profile

Industry: Electronic Equipment

SIC Sector: Electronic & Electrical Equipment

Size: Large Cap($78.5B)

Revenue: $20.7B+13.7% YoY

Net Income: $1.3B+29.6% YoY

Financial Snapshot

Operating Margin8.0%

Return on Equity11.7%

Debt / Equity0.69

Current Ratio1.26

EPS (Diluted)$0.28+27.4% 1y

Shares Retired−0.7% / −1.4% 2y

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Shareholder Return

Fiscal 2025

Issued 0.7% of shares last year, 1.4% issued over two.

Buybacks: —
Dividends: —

What drove EPS

A buyback raises earnings per share without the company earning more. This splits each year's change into the two.

FY22

−8.1% = −7.8% + −0.2%

FY23

−41.8% = −42.4% + 1.0%

FY24

−16.1% = −14.4% + −1.9%

FY25

27.4% = 29.6% + −1.7%

Earnings Fewer shares More shares

Share count is the denominator the filer used for diluted EPS, recovered as net income ÷ EPS — not the balance-sheet count, which is a point-in-time figure and would put the timing difference into this split. Years with a loss are omitted: a smaller share count makes a loss per share larger, so the decomposition inverts.

Company Financials

Latest TTM and quarters alongside annual years

TTM sums four consecutive quarters and uses the latest quarter-end balances. Quarter columns show three-month results; annual columns show full-year totals. Growth compares the same period a year earlier. EPS is not added for TTM; full-year ratios are blank for quarters.

Metric	FY 2025 Sources 20-F · 2026-04-01	FY 2024 Sources 20-F · 2025-03-27	FY 2023 Sources 20-F · 2024-04-03	FY 2022 Sources 20-F · 2023-04-10	FY 2021 Sources 20-F · 2022-03-29
Market Cap	$78.5Bcurrent	$43.3Best.	$38.2Best.	$27.5Best.	$25.1Best.
Revenue	$20.7B↑14%	$18.2B↓4%	$19.0B↓13%	$21.9B↑6%	$20.6B
Operating Income	$1.6B↑34%	$1.2B↓9%	$1.4B↓49%	$2.6B↑16%	$2.3B
Net Income	$1.3B↑30%	$988.4M↓14%	$1.2B↓42%	$2.0B↓8%	$2.2B
EPS (Diluted)	$0.28↑27%	$0.22↓16%	$0.26↓42%	$0.45↓8%	$0.49
Gross Margin	17.7%↑9%	16.3%↑3%	15.8%↓22%	20.1%↑4%	19.4%
Operating Margin	8.0%↑18%	6.8%↓5%	7.2%↓41%	12.1%↑9%	11.1%
ROE	11.7%↑16%	10.1%↓16%	12.0%↓42%	20.9%↓12%	23.7%
Total Debt	$7.5B↑57%	$4.8B↑23%	$3.9B↓8%	$4.2B↓23%	$5.5B
Shareholders' Equity	$11.0B↑12%	$9.8B↑2%	$9.6B	$9.6B↑5%	$9.2B
Current Ratio	1.26↑8%	1.17↑1%	1.16↓12%	1.31↓3%	1.35
Debt / Equity	0.69↑40%	0.49↑21%	0.40↓8%	0.44↓26%	0.60
Operating Cash Flow	$4.6B↑64%	$2.8B↓26%	$3.7B↑3%	$3.6B↑22%	$3.0B
Free Cash Flow	-$716.7M↓308%	$343.9M↓82%	$2.0B↑57%	$1.3B↑219%	$391.5M

Score history

Historical Score Timeline

Industry peers

Industry Peers

Similar companies in Electronic Equipment

ASX vs Peers — Financial Grading

Revenue$20.7BMedian

Net Income$1.3BBottom 25%

ROE11.7%Median

D/E0.69Bottom 25%

Op. Margin8.0%Median

Curr. Ratio1.26Bottom 25%

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NVIDIA CORPNVDA	$3.93T	$162.85	$215.9B	$120.1B	76.3%	0.05	60.4%	3.91	3/9	6/9	3/7	1/3	F-Score 4	5/11
INTEL CORPINTC	$317.1B	$59.66	$52.9B	$267.0M	-0.2%	0.41	-4.2%	2.02	3/9	0/9	1/7	0/3	F-Score 6	3/11
TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCTXN	$277.4B	$303.60	$17.7B	$5.0B	30.7%	0.86	34.1%	4.35	6/9	5/9	3/7	1/3	F-Score 7	7/11
ANALOG DEVICES INCADI	$192.8B	$397.97	$11.0B	$2.3B	6.7%	0.24	26.6%	2.19	2/9	3/9	4/7	1/3	F-Score 8	4/11
Motorola Solutions, Inc.MSI	$87.8B	$531.20	$11.7B	$2.2B	89.4%	3.49	25.6%	1.04	2/9	4/9	3/7	1/3	F-Score 6	5/11
L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES, INC. /DE/LHX	$50.7B	$272.35	—	$1.6B	8.2%	0.57	—	1.19	2/9	2/9	3/7	1/3	F-Score 7	3/11
NOKIA CORPNOK	$45.7B	$8.07	$23.4B	$764.7M	3.1%	0.16	4.4%	1.58	2/9	1/9	3/7	1/3	F-Score 5	3/11
ERICSSON LM TELEPHONE COERIC	$34.2B	$10.56	$25.7B	$3.1B	26.0%	0.30	16.3%	1.29	2/9	5/9	5/7	3/3	F-Score 7	7/11