CREDIT ACCEPTANCE CORP

CACC

Credit Acceptance Corporation engages in the provision of financing programs, and related products and services in the United States. It advances money to automobile dealers in exchange for the right to service the underlying consumer loans; and buys the consumer loans from the dealers and keeps the amount collected from the consumers.

About the company

Country: United StatesPrice: $504.63Market Cap: $5.1B

Investment snapshot

38%positive consensus

Scored 1d ago

Positive

BUY / PASS

Neutral / negative

7 / 3

NEUTRAL / FAIL

Median fair value

$463.46

-8.2% vs price

Models with upside

3 / 16

Positive margin of safety

Strongest signal

All 3 investors pass CACC's efficiency

Key risk

Split decision: 7 NEUTRAL · 4 BUY · 3 FAIL · 2 PASS

Framework analysis

Verdict	Meaning
BUY	Positive purchase signal: the framework's buy requirements are met.
PASS	The company clears the framework's checklist or screen, but the framework does not produce a buy signal. For valuation frameworks this often means margin of safety is missing, insufficient, or unavailable; some screen-only frameworks have no intrinsic-value BUY state.
NEUTRAL	Neither a positive nor negative conclusion. It does not mean to hold an existing position.
FAIL	The company does not clear the framework's requirements.
Ranked	Ranked strategies do not use PASS: selected cohort is BUY, outside the cohort is FAIL, and unranked is NEUTRAL.

Current investor scores use trailing 12-month flows and the latest balance sheet where supported. Multi-year and EPS tests retain annual history; each framework shows its financial basis below. Intrinsic values use annual financials.

Metric	Graham Defensive Value	Buffett Quality Compounder	Lynch GARP	Piotroski F-Score	Dreman Contrarian Value	Munger Quality Focus	Pabrai Dhandho Framework	Akre Three-Legged Stool	Marks Risk-Aware Value	Ackman Activist Value	Templeton Global Bargain Hunter	Sleep Scale Economies Shared	Asness Systematic Factors	Neff Low-P/E Total Return	Schloss Asset-Value Discipline	O'Shaughnessy Systematic Factor Composite
Verdict	FAIL	FAIL	NEUTRAL	BUY	NEUTRAL	BUY	NEUTRAL	PASS	NEUTRAL	BUY	PASS	BUY	NEUTRAL	NEUTRAL	FAIL	NEUTRAL
Score
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Intrinsic Value (annual)		N/A		N/A			N/A					N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Margin of Safety	-48.1%	N/A	-51.4%	N/A	-29.0%	+75.8%	N/A	+67.0%	-10.3%	+74.3%	-7.5%	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Financial Basis	TTM ended 2026-09-30 · Annual history · FY 2025 Latest source filing: 2026-10-29 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 Latest source filing: 2026-02-13 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 · TTM ended 2026-09-30 vs 2025-09-30 · TTM ended 2026-09-30 Latest source filing: 2026-10-29 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 Latest source filing: 2026-02-13 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 · TTM ended 2026-09-30 · Market data at 2026-11-01 Latest source filing: 2026-10-29 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Qualitative assessment · Annual history · FY 2025 · TTM ended 2026-09-30 Latest source filing: 2026-10-29 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Qualitative assessment · Annual history · FY 2025 Latest source filing: 2026-02-13 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 · Qualitative assessment · TTM ended 2026-09-30 Latest source filing: 2026-10-29 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 · Qualitative assessment Latest source filing: 2026-02-13 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 · TTM ended 2026-09-30 · Market data at 2026-11-01 Latest source filing: 2026-10-29 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 · Price history 2025-01-01–2026-11-01 · Balance sheet at 2026-09-30 Latest source filing: 2026-10-29 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 · Qualitative assessment Latest source filing: 2026-02-13 Score computed: 2026-11-14	TTM ended 2026-09-30 · Balance sheet at 2026-09-30 · Price history 2025-01-01–2026-11-01 · Annual history · FY 2025 Latest source filing: 2026-10-29 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 · TTM ended 2026-09-30 Latest source filing: 2026-10-29 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 · Balance sheet at 2026-09-30 Latest source filing: 2026-10-29 Score computed: 2026-11-14	TTM ended 2026-09-30 · Annual history · FY 2025 · Price history 2025-01-01–2026-11-01 Latest source filing: 2026-10-29 Score computed: 2026-11-14

Where It Passes

Efficiency100% pass✓ 3▾
All 3 investors pass CACC's efficiency
Revenue / Total Assets Change YoY0.24x -> 0.27x
✓PiotroskiImproved YoY
Reinvestment Rate x ROIC27.8% (RR=100% x ROIC=27.8%)
✓AkreReinvestment Rate * ROIC > 10%
ROE (5-year)5/5 years above 12% (latest 27.8%)
✓SleepROE > 12% in a majority of years
Cash Flow90% pass✓ 11✗ 1▾
9 of 10 pass — Buffett objects
Free Cash Flow Proxy
✗BuffettPositive and growing
FCF Positive and Growing$1.3B
✓LynchPositive and growing
Operating Cash Flow$1.1B
✓PiotroskiCFO > 0
(CFO / Total Assets) vs ROACFO/Assets=12.22%, ROA=4.91%
✓PiotroskiCFO/Assets > ROA
Price / (CFO / Shares)5.1x
✓Dreman< 8x
P/E or FCF YieldP/E=13.9x, FCF Yield=20.6%
✓PabraiP/E < 15 or FCF Yield > 10%
FCF Positive17/17 years FCF positive
✓MarksPositive FCF in majority of recent years
(OCF - CapEx) / Market Cap23.2%
✓Ackman>= 4%
Price / FCF per Share5.2x
✓Ackman<= 25
Positive Operating Cash Flow frequency21/21 years positive
✓SleepPositive OCF in >= 70% of available years
Operating Cash Flow - Capital Expenditures$1.3B
✓Neff> $0 (app proxy for a strong fundamental case)
(Operating cash flow - capex) / market capitalization+24.56%; #228/4519 (top 5.0%)
✓OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
Verdicts67% pass✓ 6✗ 3▾
Split decision: 7 NEUTRAL · 4 BUY · 3 FAIL · 2 PASS
Overall verdict
✗GrahamFAIL (1/7)✗BuffettFAIL (1/6)•LynchNEUTRAL (3/4)✓PiotroskiBUY (F-Score 7)•DremanNEUTRAL (6/9)✓MungerBUY (3/3)•PabraiNEUTRAL (2/3)✓AkrePASS (2/5)•MarksNEUTRAL (3/4)✓AckmanBUY (7/8)✓TempletonPASS (4/8)✓SleepBUY (5/6)•AsnessNEUTRAL (Not ranked)•NeffNEUTRAL (4/6)✗SchlossFAIL (2/7)•OshaughnessyNEUTRAL (Not ranked)
Profitability56% pass✓ 21✗ 14▾
9 of 16 pass — Graham, Buffett, Lynch +4 more object
Return on Equity24.3%
✓Munger> 15%✗AkreROE > 20% (3-year avg)
Net income / market capitalization+6.59%; #1264/6340 (top 19.9%)
✓AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
Positive EPS (10 years)17/24 years positive
✗GrahamPositive EPS every year for 10 years
EPS Growth (3-yr avg, 10-yr window)
✗Graham>= 33% growth
Net Income Positive (10+ years)23/24 years positive
✗BuffettPositive every year for 10+ years
ROE (up to 5-year arithmetic mean)28.8%
✓Buffett> 15% arithmetic mean (app rule)
Operating Margin (10-yr trend)24.4% (latest)
✗BuffettStable or rising over 10 years
Free Cash Flow Proxy
✗BuffettPositive and growing
Earnings Variance (10-yr CoV)0.66
✗BuffettCoV < 0.3
Retained Earnings Effectiveness
✗Buffett$1 retained -> > $1 market value created
Basic earnings-growth PEG (dividends excluded)1.51
✗Lynch< 1.0 (ideally < 0.5)
3-5 Year EPS CAGR9.2%
✓Lynch15-30% (Fast Grower); > 0% to pass
ROE24.3%
✓Lynch> 15%
Net Income / Total Assets4.91%
✓PiotroskiROA > 0
ROA Change YoY2.80% -> 4.91% (delta: +2.11%)
✓PiotroskiCurrent ROA > Prior ROA
(CFO / Total Assets) vs ROACFO/Assets=12.22%, ROA=4.91%
✓PiotroskiCFO/Assets > ROA
Pre-Tax Income / Revenue18.2%
✓Dreman>= 8%
Net Income / Shareholders' Equity24.3%
✓Dreman> 12%
Margin of SafetyP/E=13.9x, P/TBV=3.6x
✓PabraiP/TBV < 1.5 or P/E < 15
ROE (high and growing)FY2023: ROE=16.3%; FY2024: ROE=14.2%; FY2025: ROE=27.8%
✗AkreLatest 3 consecutive FYs: ROE > 15% in each
Discount to Intrinsic Value-29.0% (IV=$391.25 vs Price=$504.63)
✗Marks>= 20% below intrinsic value
Positive Net Income Frequency23/23 years positive
✓MarksPositive net income in >= 7 of last 10 years
Operating Income / Revenue24.4%
✓Ackman>= 15%
Net Income / Shareholders Equity24.3%
✓Ackman>= 15%
5-Year EPS CAGR9.2% CAGR over 5 years
✓Templeton> 0% (5-year EPS CAGR)
Operating Margin Trend19.3% (2023) -> 24.4% (2025)
✓TempletonNon-negative operating-margin trend over 3 years
Revenue growth vs. gross and operating margin trendrevenue up, operating margin 19.3% -> 24.4%
✓SleepRevenue rising; gross margin flat or falling; operating margin holding
ROE (5-year)5/5 years above 12% (latest 27.8%)
✓SleepROE > 12% in a majority of years
Gross profit / total assets
✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
Net income / positive book equity+24.26%; #627/5226 (top 12.0%)
✓AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
Negative 5-year standard deviation of ROA-0.0389; #2254/5884 (top 38.3%)
✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
3-5 Year Diluted EPS CAGR9.2% over 5 years
✓Neff7%-20% annualized
Positive Diluted-EPS Years10/10 years positive
✓Schloss>= 70% positive over 5-10 observed years (app rule)

Where It Falls Short

Debt & Leverage25% pass✓ 1✗ 4▾
3 of 4 flag CACC's debt & leverage — Templeton, Asness and Schloss
LT Debt / Total Assets Change0.00% -> 0.00%
✓PiotroskiDecreased YoY
Total Debt / Shareholders' Equity3.89
✗Templeton< 1.0 (fixed cap; proxy for below-sector-median leverage)✗SchlossD/E < 1.00x
Negative debt-to-equity (higher means less debt)-3.8914; #4024/4210 (top 95.6%)
✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
Current Assets / Current Liabilities
✗SchlossCurrent ratio >= 1.50x (app cutoff)
Valuation25% pass✓ 10✗ 16▾
9 of 12 flag CACC's valuation — Graham, Lynch, Dreman +6 more
Net income / market capitalization+6.59%; #1264/6340 (top 19.9%)
✓AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
Price / 3-yr avg EPS19.3x
✗Graham<= 15x
Price-to-Tangible-Book Ratio3.6x
✗Graham<= 1.5x
P/E x P/TBV68.90
✗Graham<= 22.5
Basic earnings-growth PEG (dividends excluded)1.51
✗Lynch< 1.0 (ideally < 0.5)
Price / EPS13.9x
✗Dreman< 12x✗Templeton< 12x (fixed ceiling; proxy for the market's cheapest 40%)
Price / (CFO / Shares)5.1x
✓Dreman< 8x
Price / Tangible Book Value per Share3.6x
✗Dreman< 1.2x✗SchlossP/TBV <= 1.00x (app cutoff)
Valuation ReasonablenessP/E=13.9x
✓MungerP/E < 25 or Owner Earnings Yield > 5%
P/E or FCF YieldP/E=13.9x, FCF Yield=20.6%
✓PabraiP/E < 15 or FCF Yield > 10%
P/B or P/E vs. Historical AverageP/E=13.9x, P/B=3.6x
✓MarksP/E < 15 or P/B < 2.0
Discount to Intrinsic Value-29.0% (IV=$391.25 vs Price=$504.63)
✗Marks>= 20% below intrinsic value
Price / FCF per Share5.2x
✓Ackman<= 25
Price vs. Trailing Low119% of trailing low ($423.46)
✓Templeton<= 120% of trailing low (certified split-adjusted live window)
Price / Book Value per Share3.6x
✗Templeton< 1.5x✗SchlossP/B <= 0.80x (app cutoff)
Positive book equity / market capitalization+0.2716; #3827/6449 (top 59.3%)
✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
Price / Diluted EPS13.9x
✓NeffP/E <= 15x (app proxy for a P/E 40%-60% below the market)
(EPS CAGR % + Dividend Yield %) / P/E
✗Neff> 0.7 (Neff's published traditional edge)
Book Value per Share Change+3.6%
✓SchlossLatest BVPS >= earliest BVPS over >= 3 years (app rule)
Revenue / market capitalization+0.4578; #2756/5247 (top 52.5%)
✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
(Operating cash flow - capex) / market capitalization+24.56%; #228/4519 (top 5.0%)
✓OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
Trailing six-month price return through the evaluation date+8.49%; #1937/6202 (top 31.2%)
✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
Valuation models38% pass✓ 3✗ 5▾
Models split on CACC at $504.63 — fair values range $333.30–$2084.34
Graham fair value$340.64
✗Graham-48.1% margin vs $504.63
Lynch fair value$333.30
✗Lynch-51.4% margin vs $504.63
Dreman fair value$391.25
✗Dreman-29.0% margin vs $504.63
Munger fair value$2084.34
✓Munger+75.8% margin vs $504.63
Akre fair value$1527.04
✓Akre+67.0% margin vs $504.63
Marks fair value$457.31
✗Marks-10.3% margin vs $504.63
Ackman fair value$1960.49
✓Ackman+74.3% margin vs $504.63
Templeton fair value$469.60
✗Templeton-7.5% margin vs $504.63
Growth50% pass✓ 8✗ 4▾
4 of 8 pass — Graham, Lynch, Ackman +1 more object
EPS Growth (3-yr avg, 10-yr window)
✗Graham>= 33% growth
Basic earnings-growth PEG (dividends excluded)1.51
✗Lynch< 1.0 (ideally < 0.5)
3-5 Year EPS CAGR9.2%
✓Lynch15-30% (Fast Grower); > 0% to pass
EPS Growth Direction$4.62 (2009) -> $36.38 (2025)
✓DremanPositive over recent years
EPS CAGR13.8% CAGR over 16 years
✓Dreman> 5% annualized
Positive Net Income Frequency23/23 years positive
✓MarksPositive net income in >= 7 of last 10 years
3yr Median Revenue Growth7.2%
✓Ackman>= 5%
Positive EPS Growth Frequency2/5 years with positive EPS growth
✗AckmanPositive EPS growth in >= 3 of last 5 years
5-Year EPS CAGR9.2% CAGR over 5 years
✓Templeton> 0% (5-year EPS CAGR)
Revenue growth vs. gross and operating margin trendrevenue up, operating margin 19.3% -> 24.4%
✓SleepRevenue rising; gross margin flat or falling; operating margin holding
5-year Revenue CAGR6.8%
✗SleepCAGR > 7%
3-5 Year Diluted EPS CAGR9.2% over 5 years
✓Neff7%-20% annualized

Business & financials

Financial snapshot: annual FY 2025. Current investor scores may use newer quarterly data.

Company Profile

Industry: Banking

SIC Sector: Credit Institutions

Size: Mid Cap($5.1B)

Revenue: $2.3B+7.2% YoY

Net Income: $423.9M+71.0% YoY

Financial Snapshot

Operating Margin24.4%

Return on Equity27.8%

Debt / Equity3.39

Current Ratio--

EPS (Diluted)$36.38+83.0% 1y

Buybacks (1y)$725.4M

Buybacks (2y)$1.0B

Shares Retired10.7% / 12.6% 2y

Similar Companies

MUFGMITSUBISHI UFJ FINANCIAL GROUP INC

$245.7B

AXPAMERICAN EXPRESS CO

$215.0B

SANBanco Santander, S.A.

$175.9B

ATMPBARCLAYS BANK PLC

$82.1B

Sector-adjusted criteria: Bank

Leverage is a bank’s business model and current accounts don’t exist on its balance sheet, so debt and liquidity tests are omitted and tangible book value and ROE replace their industrial analogs.

Shareholder Return

Fiscal 2025

Retired 10.7% of shares last year, 12.6% over two.

Buybacks: $725.4M
Dividends: —

What drove EPS

A buyback raises earnings per share without the company earning more. This splits each year's change into the two.

FY22

−33.9% = −44.1% + 18.2%

FY23

−44.1% = −46.6% + 4.7%

FY24

−9.6% = −13.4% + 4.3%

FY25

83.0% = 71.0% + 7.0%

Earnings Fewer shares More shares

The two parts do not sum exactly to the total — the difference is the cross-term, plus preferred capital where the company has any. It is left visible rather than distributed into the other two.

Share count is the denominator the filer used for diluted EPS, recovered as net income ÷ EPS — not the balance-sheet count, which is a point-in-time figure and would put the timing difference into this split. Years with a loss are omitted: a smaller share count makes a loss per share larger, so the decomposition inverts.

Company Financials

Latest TTM and quarters alongside annual years

TTM sums four consecutive quarters and uses the latest quarter-end balances. Quarter columns show three-month results; annual columns show full-year totals. Growth compares the same period a year earlier. EPS is not added for TTM; full-year ratios are blank for quarters.

The latest annual period end is unavailable. Showing the latest fiscal cycle’s quarters; quarter and annual columns may overlap. Quarterly shows the full quarter history.

Metric	TTM · 2026-09-30 2025-10-01 – 2026-09-30 Sources · derived quarter values 10-K · 2026-02-13 10-Q · 2026-05-05 10-Q · 2026-08-04 10-Q · 2026-10-29 Derived from cumulative filings: revenue, net income, pre tax income, interest expense, operating cash flow, capex, buybacks.	Q3 FY 2026 2026-07-01 – 2026-09-30 Sources · derived quarter values 10-Q · 2026-10-29 Derived from cumulative filings: operating cash flow, capex, buybacks.	Q2 FY 2026 2026-04-01 – 2026-06-30 Sources · derived quarter values 10-Q · 2026-08-04 Derived from cumulative filings: operating cash flow, capex, buybacks.	Q1 FY 2026 2026-01-01 – 2026-03-31 Sources 10-Q · 2026-05-05	FY 2025 Sources 10-K · 2026-02-13	FY 2024 Sources 10-K · 2025-02-12	FY 2023 Sources 10-K · 2024-02-12	FY 2022 Sources 10-K · 2023-02-10	FY 2021 Sources 10-K · 2022-02-11
Market Cap	$5.1Bcurrent	--	--	--	$5.4Best.	$6.1Best.	$6.7Best.	$5.9Best.	$7.6Best.
Revenue	$2.3B↑2%	$594.6M↑2%	$587.4M↑1%	$580.0M↑2%	$2.3B↑7%	$2.2B↑14%	$1.9B↑4%	$1.8B↓1%	$1.9B
Operating Income	--	--	--	--	$565.4M↑72%	$329.5M↓10%	$367.6M↓48%	$711.7M↓44%	$1.3B
Net Income	$337.1M↓26%	-$56.6M↓152%	$135.9M↑55%	$135.8M↑28%	$423.9M↑71%	$247.9M↓13%	$286.1M↓47%	$535.8M↓44%	$958.3M
EPS (Diluted)	--	$-5.43↓158%	$12.66↑71%	$12.40↑43%	$36.38↑83%	$19.88↓10%	$21.99↓44%	$39.32↓34%	$59.52
Gross Margin	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Operating Margin	—	—	—	—	24.4%↑60%	15.2%↓21%	19.3%↓50%	38.8%↓43%	67.9%
ROE	24.3%↓16%	—	—	—	27.8%↑96%	14.2%↓13%	16.3%↓51%	33.0%↓37%	52.5%
Total Debt	$5.4B↑5%	$5.4B↑5%	$5.0B↓7%	$5.1B↓9%	$5.2B↓4%	$5.4B↑34%	$4.0B↑6%	$3.8B↓1%	$3.8B
Shareholders' Equity	$1.4B↓12%	$1.4B↓12%	$1.6B↑2%	$1.5B↓12%	$1.5B↓13%	$1.7B	$1.8B↑8%	$1.6B↓11%	$1.8B
Current Ratio	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Debt / Equity	3.89↑20%	3.89↑20%	3.16↓9%	3.37↑3%	3.39↑10%	3.06↑35%	2.28↓2%	2.31↑11%	2.09
Operating Cash Flow	$1.3B↑16%	$335.5M↑12%	$309.5M↑122%	$346.8M	$1.1B↓7%	$1.1B↓5%	$1.2B↓3%	$1.2B↑16%	$1.1B
Free Cash Flow	$1.3B↑15%	$334.1M↑12%	$307.9M↑121%	$345.5M	$1.1B↓7%	$1.1B↓5%	$1.2B↓3%	$1.2B↑16%	$1.1B

Score history

Historical Score Timeline

Industry peers

Industry Peers

Similar companies in Banking

CACC vs Peers — Financial Grading

Revenue$2.3BBottom 25%

Net Income$423.9MBottom 25%

ROE27.8%Top 25%

D/E3.39Bottom 25%

Op. Margin24.4%Median

Curr. Ratio—

Company	Market Cap	Price	Revenue	Net Income	ROE	D/E	Op. Margin	Curr. Ratio	Graham	Buffett	Lynch	Piotroski	Dreman
MITSUBISHI UFJ FINANCIAL GROUP INCMUFG	$245.7B	$21.83	$74.2B	$10.8B	8.8%	1.12	19.9%	—	2/7	1/6	1/4	F-Score 5	3/9
AMERICAN EXPRESS COAXP	$215.0B	$320.60	$41.3B	$10.8B	32.4%	1.68	—	—	2/7	3/6	3/4	F-Score 4	3/9
Banco Santander, S.A.SAN	$175.9B	$12.21	—	$16.6B	12.5%	0.02	—	—	2/7	1/6	2/4	F-Score 4	5/9
BARCLAYS BANK PLCATMP	$82.1B	$35.04	$13.1B	$6.3B	7.5%	0.01	—	—	2/7	1/6	0/4	F-Score 7	4/9
BARCLAYS PLCBCS	$76.0B	$22.87	$15.0B	$9.7B	9.2%	0.02	—	—	1/7	0/6	0/4	F-Score 7	2/9
FIRST CITIZENS BANCSHARES INC /DE/FCNCA	$25.7B	$2324.25	$9.5B	$2.2B	9.9%	1.62	—	—	5/7	3/6	1/4	F-Score 5	2/9
KEYCORP /NEW/KEY	$22.7B	$21.46	$7.5B	$1.8B	9.0%	0.49	—	—	2/7	1/6	1/4	F-Score 6	4/9
WEBSTER FINANCIAL CORPWBS	$12.6B	$77.57	$2.9B	$1.0B	10.6%	0.08	50.7%	—	2/7	1/6	1/4	F-Score 7	2/9