DEFSEC Technologies Inc.

Where It Passes

Where It Falls Short

• Valuation0% pass✓ 7✗ 21▾

  No clean pass — all 13 investors flag at least one valuation criterion

  Price / 3-yr avg EPS

  ✗Graham<= 15x

  Price-to-Book Ratio0.7x

  ✓Graham<= 1.5x

  P/E x P/B

  ✗Graham<= 22.5

  Basic earnings-growth PEG (dividends excluded)

  ✗Lynch< 1.0 (ideally < 0.5)

  EBIT / Enterprise Value-22795.8%

  ✗Greenblatt> 10%

  Earnings Yield + ROC AssessmentEY=-22795.8%, ROC=N/A (invested capital <= 0)

  ✗GreenblattBoth EY > 10% and ROC > 25%

  Price / EPS

  ✗Dreman< 12x✗Templeton< 12x (fixed ceiling; proxy for the market's cheapest 40%)

  Price / (CFO / Shares)N/A (negative CFPS)

  ✗Dreman< 8x

  Price / Book Value per Share0.7x

  ✓Dreman< 1.2x✓Templeton< 1.5x✓SchlossP/B <= 0.80x (app cutoff)

  Valuation ReasonablenessOE Yield=-674.7%

  ✗MungerP/E < 25 or Owner Earnings Yield > 5%

  P/E or FCF YieldFCF Yield=-3055.9%

  ✗PabraiP/E < 15 or FCF Yield > 10%

  P/B or P/E vs. Historical AverageP/B=0.7x

  ✓MarksP/E < 15 or P/B < 2.0

  Discount to Intrinsic ValueN/A (negative normalized EPS)

  ✗Marks>= 20% below intrinsic value

  Price / FCF per ShareN/A (negative FCF)

  ✗Ackman<= 25

  Price vs. Trailing Low100% of trailing low ($0.44)

  ✓Templeton<= 120% of trailing low (certified split-adjusted live window)

  Net income / market capitalization-2480.78%; #6171/6340 (top 97.3%)

  ✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section

  Positive book equity / market capitalization+4.5638; #310/6449 (top 4.8%)

  ✓AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section

  Price / Diluted EPS

  ✗NeffP/E <= 15x (app proxy for a P/E 40%-60% below the market)

  (EPS CAGR % + Dividend Yield %) / P/E

  ✗Neff> 0.7 (Neff's published traditional edge)

  Price / Tangible Book Value per ShareN/A (non-positive TBVPS)

  ✗SchlossP/TBV <= 1.00x (app cutoff)

  Book Value per Share Change

  ✗SchlossLatest BVPS >= earliest BVPS over >= 3 years (app rule)

  Revenue / market capitalization+5.0175; #537/5247 (top 10.2%)

  ✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section

  (Operating cash flow - capex) / market capitalization-3055.90%; #4450/4519 (top 98.5%)

  ✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section

  Trailing six-month price return through the evaluation date-90.56%; #5998/6202 (top 96.7%)

  ✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
• Cash Flow0% pass✗ 12▾

  All 10 investors flag DFSC's cash flow

  Free Cash Flow Proxy$-4.6M

  ✗BuffettPositive and growing

  FCF Positive and Growing$-6.8M

  ✗LynchPositive and growing

  Operating Cash Flow$-6.7M

  ✗PiotroskiCFO > 0

  (CFO / Total Assets) vs ROACFO/Assets=-161.31%, ROA=-132.41%

  ✗PiotroskiCFO/Assets > ROA

  Price / (CFO / Shares)N/A (negative CFPS)

  ✗Dreman< 8x

  P/E or FCF YieldFCF Yield=-3055.9%

  ✗PabraiP/E < 15 or FCF Yield > 10%

  FCF Positive0/5 years FCF positive

  ✗MarksPositive FCF in majority of recent years

  (OCF - CapEx) / Market Cap-987.3%

  ✗Ackman>= 4%

  Price / FCF per ShareN/A (negative FCF)

  ✗Ackman<= 25

  Positive Operating Cash Flow frequency0/5 years positive

  ✗SleepPositive OCF in >= 70% of available years

  Operating Cash Flow - Capital Expenditures$-6.8M

  ✗Neff> $0 (app proxy for a strong fundamental case)

  (Operating cash flow - capex) / market capitalization-3055.90%; #4450/4519 (top 98.5%)

  ✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
• Growth0% pass✓ 3✗ 10▾

  No clean pass — all 8 investors flag at least one growth criterion

  EPS Growth (3-yr avg, 10-yr window)N/A (negative base EPS)

  ✗Graham>= 33% growth

  Basic earnings-growth PEG (dividends excluded)

  ✗Lynch< 1.0 (ideally < 0.5)

  3-5 Year EPS CAGR

  ✗Lynch15-30% (Fast Grower); > 0% to pass

  Inventory Growth vs Revenue GrowthInv: -1.8% vs Rev: 21.7%

  ✓LynchInventory growth < Revenue growth

  EPS Growth Direction$-3.53 (2019) -> $-6.65 (2024)

  ✗DremanPositive over recent years

  EPS CAGR

  ✗Dreman> 5% annualized

  Positive Net Income Frequency0/5 years positive

  ✗MarksPositive net income in >= 7 of last 10 years

  3yr Median Revenue Growth21.7%

  ✓Ackman>= 5%

  Positive EPS Growth Frequency2/3 years with positive EPS growth

  ✗AckmanPositive EPS growth in >= 3 of last 5 years

  5-Year EPS CAGR

  ✗Templeton> 0% (5-year EPS CAGR)

  Revenue growth vs. gross and operating margin trendgross margin 25.6% -> 32.3%, operating margin -1398.6% -> -651.4%

  ✗SleepRevenue rising; gross margin flat or falling; operating margin holding

  5-year Revenue CAGR23.4%

  ✓SleepCAGR > 7%

  3-5 Year Diluted EPS CAGR

  ✗Neff7%-20% annualized
• Efficiency0% pass✓ 1✗ 10▾

  No clean pass — all 8 investors flag at least one efficiency criterion

  Current Ratio0.62

  ✗Graham>= 2.0

  ROIC (3-5 yr avg)-464.8%

  ✗Buffett> 10%

  ROIC - WACC-474.8%

  ✗BuffettPositive (WACC = 10%)

  EBIT / (NWC + Net Fixed Assets)N/A (invested capital <= 0)

  ✗Greenblatt> 25%

  Current Ratio Change YoY1.07 -> 0.62

  ✗PiotroskiIncreased YoY

  Revenue / Total Assets Change YoY0.10x -> 0.27x

  ✓PiotroskiImproved YoY

  Current Assets / Current Liabilities0.62

  ✗Dreman> 1.5

  Return on Invested Capital

  ✗Munger> 15%

  ROIC (high and growing)FY2022: ROIC=-624.8%; FY2023: ROIC=unavailable; FY2024: ROIC=unavailable

  ✗AkreLatest 3 consecutive FYs: ROIC > 15% in each

  Reinvestment Rate x ROIC

  ✗AkreReinvestment Rate * ROIC > 10%

  ROIC (5-year)0/2 years above 12% (latest -624.8%)

  ✗SleepROIC > 12% in a majority of years
• Profitability6% pass✓ 3✗ 32▾

  15 of 16 flag DFSC's profitability — Graham, Buffett, Lynch +12 more

  Positive EPS (10 years)0/7 years positive

  ✗GrahamPositive EPS every year for 10 years

  EPS Growth (3-yr avg, 10-yr window)N/A (negative base EPS)

  ✗Graham>= 33% growth

  Net Income Positive (10+ years)0/7 years positive

  ✗BuffettPositive every year for 10+ years

  ROE (up to 5-year arithmetic mean)-310.7%

  ✗Buffett> 15% arithmetic mean (app rule)

  Operating Margin (10-yr trend)-651.4% (latest)

  ✗BuffettStable or rising over 10 years

  Free Cash Flow Proxy$-4.6M

  ✗BuffettPositive and growing

  Earnings Variance (10-yr CoV)N/A (negative mean EPS)

  ✗BuffettCoV < 0.3

  Retained Earnings Effectiveness

  ✗Buffett$1 retained -> > $1 market value created

  Basic earnings-growth PEG (dividends excluded)

  ✗Lynch< 1.0 (ideally < 0.5)

  3-5 Year EPS CAGR

  ✗Lynch15-30% (Fast Grower); > 0% to pass

  ROE-543.6%

  ✗Lynch> 15%

  EBIT / Enterprise Value-22795.8%

  ✗Greenblatt> 10%

  Earnings Yield + ROC AssessmentEY=-22795.8%, ROC=N/A (invested capital <= 0)

  ✗GreenblattBoth EY > 10% and ROC > 25%

  Net Income / Total Assets-132.41%

  ✗PiotroskiROA > 0

  ROA Change YoY-79.14% -> -132.41% (delta: -53.27%)

  ✗PiotroskiCurrent ROA > Prior ROA

  (CFO / Total Assets) vs ROACFO/Assets=-161.31%, ROA=-132.41%

  ✗PiotroskiCFO/Assets > ROA

  Gross Margin Change YoY-15.5% -> 32.3%

  ✓PiotroskiImproved YoY

  Pre-Tax Income / Revenue-494.4%

  ✗Dreman>= 8%

  Net Income / Shareholders' Equity-543.6%

  ✗Dreman> 12%

  Margin of SafetyP/B=0.7x

  ✓PabraiP/B < 1.5 or P/E < 15

  Return on Equity-310.7% (3-yr avg)

  ✗AkreROE > 20% (3-year avg)

  Discount to Intrinsic ValueN/A (negative normalized EPS)

  ✗Marks>= 20% below intrinsic value

  Positive Net Income Frequency0/5 years positive

  ✗MarksPositive net income in >= 7 of last 10 years

  Operating Income / Revenue-651.4%

  ✗Ackman>= 15%

  Net Income / Shareholders Equity-543.6%

  ✗Ackman>= 15%

  5-Year EPS CAGR

  ✗Templeton> 0% (5-year EPS CAGR)

  Operating Margin Trend-1398.6% (2022) -> -651.4% (2024)

  ✓TempletonNon-negative operating-margin trend over 3 years

  Revenue growth vs. gross and operating margin trendgross margin 25.6% -> 32.3%, operating margin -1398.6% -> -651.4%

  ✗SleepRevenue rising; gross margin flat or falling; operating margin holding

  Net income / market capitalization-2480.78%; #6171/6340 (top 97.3%)

  ✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section

  Gross profit / total assets+8.66%; #2894/3702 (top 78.2%)

  ✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section

  Net income / positive book equity-543.58%; #5084/5226 (top 97.3%)

  ✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section

  Negative 5-year standard deviation of ROA-0.2488; #4442/5884 (top 75.5%)

  ✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section

  3-5 Year Diluted EPS CAGR

  ✗Neff7%-20% annualized

  Positive Diluted-EPS Years0/5 years positive

  ✗Schloss>= 70% positive over 5-10 observed years (app rule)
• Verdicts7% pass✓ 1✗ 13▾

  Split decision: 13 FAIL · 2 NEUTRAL · 1 PASS

  Overall verdict

  ✗GrahamFAIL (1/9)✗BuffettFAIL (0/9)✗LynchFAIL (1/7)•GreenblattNot ranked✗PiotroskiFAIL (F-Score 3)✗DremanFAIL (1/11)✗MungerFAIL (1/4)✗PabraiFAIL (1/3)✗AkreFAIL (1/6)✗MarksFAIL (1/5)✗AckmanFAIL (1/9)✓TempletonPASS (4/8)✗SleepFAIL (1/6)•AsnessNEUTRAL (Not ranked)✗NeffFAIL (1/6)✗SchlossFAIL (1/7)•OshaughnessyNEUTRAL (Not ranked)
• Debt & Leverage8% pass✓ 1✗ 14▾

  11 of 12 flag DFSC's debt & leverage — Graham, Buffett, Lynch +8 more

  LT Debt vs Net Current Assets

  ✗GrahamLT Debt <= Net Current Assets

  Debt/Equity & Interest Coverage

  ✗BuffettD/E < 0.5 AND Interest Coverage > 5x

  Total Debt / Equity

  ✗Lynch< 0.33

  Cash - Long-term Debt

  ✗LynchPositive preferred

  LT Debt / Total Assets Change0.00% -> 0.00%

  ✓PiotroskiDecreased YoY

  Current Assets / Current Liabilities0.62

  ✗Dreman> 1.5✗SchlossCurrent ratio >= 1.50x (app cutoff)

  Total Debt / Shareholders' Equity

  ✗Dreman< 0.8✗Templeton< 1.0 (fixed cap; proxy for below-sector-median leverage)✗SchlossD/E < 1.00x

  Debt Levels

  ✗MungerDebt/Equity < 0.5✗AkreDebt/Equity < 0.3

  Interest Coverage & Debt/EBITDAIC=-38.9x, D/EBITDA=N/A

  ✗MarksInterest Coverage > 3x; Debt/EBITDA < 4x

  Total Debt / Shareholders Equity

  ✗Ackman<= 1.0

  Negative debt-to-equity (higher means less debt)

  ✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section