Joby Aviation, Inc.
JOBYInvestment snapshot
Positive
2
BUY / PASS
Neutral / negative
2 / 12
NEUTRAL / FAIL
Median fair value
—
No comparable estimates
Models with upside
0 / 17
Positive margin of safety
Strongest signal
7 of 12 pass — Buffett, Lynch, Akre +2 more object
Key risk
No clean pass — all 13 investors flag at least one valuation criterion
Framework analysis
| Verdict | Meaning |
|---|---|
| BUY | Positive purchase signal: the framework's buy requirements are met. |
| PASS | The company clears the framework's checklist or screen, but the framework does not produce a buy signal. For valuation frameworks this often means margin of safety is missing, insufficient, or unavailable; some screen-only frameworks have no intrinsic-value BUY state. |
| NEUTRAL | Neither a positive nor negative conclusion. It does not mean to hold an existing position. |
| FAIL | The company does not clear the framework's requirements. |
| Ranked | Ranked strategies do not use PASS: selected cohort is BUY, outside the cohort is FAIL, and unranked is NEUTRAL. |
Current investor scores use trailing 12-month flows and the latest balance sheet where supported. Multi-year and EPS tests retain annual history; each framework shows its financial basis below. Intrinsic values use annual financials.
| Metric | Graham Defensive Value | Buffett Quality Compounder | Lynch GARP | Greenblatt Magic Formula | Piotroski F-Score | Dreman Contrarian Value | Munger Quality Focus | Pabrai Dhandho Framework | Akre Three-Legged Stool | Marks Risk-Aware Value | Ackman Activist Value | Templeton Global Bargain Hunter | Sleep Scale Economies Shared | Asness Systematic Factors | Neff Low-P/E Total Return | Schloss Asset-Value Discipline | O'Shaughnessy Systematic Factor Composite |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Verdict | FAIL | FAIL | FAIL | FAIL · Rank #2465 (Top 79.6%) | PASS | FAIL | FAIL | FAIL | FAIL | FAIL | FAIL | PASS | FAIL | NEUTRAL | FAIL | FAIL | NEUTRAL |
| Score | |||||||||||||||||
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| Intrinsic Value (annual) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Margin of Safety | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Financial Basis | TTM ended 2026-09-30 · Balance sheet at 2026-09-30 · Annual history · FY 2025 Latest source filing: 2026-11-05 Score computed: 2026-11-14 | Annual history · FY 2025 Latest source filing: 2026-02-27 Score computed: 2026-11-14 | Annual history · FY 2025 · Balance sheet at 2026-09-30 · TTM ended 2026-09-30 vs 2025-09-30 · TTM ended 2026-09-30 Latest source filing: 2026-11-05 Score computed: 2026-11-14 | TTM ended 2026-09-30 Latest source filing: 2026-11-05 Score computed: 2026-11-14 | Annual history · FY 2025 Latest source filing: 2026-02-27 Score computed: 2026-11-14 | Annual history · FY 2025 · TTM ended 2026-09-30 · Balance sheet at 2026-09-30 · Market data at 2026-11-01 Latest source filing: 2026-11-05 Score computed: 2026-11-14 | Qualitative assessment · Annual history · FY 2025 · TTM ended 2026-09-30 · Balance sheet at 2026-09-30 Latest source filing: 2026-11-05 Score computed: 2026-11-14 | Qualitative assessment · Annual history · FY 2025 Latest source filing: 2026-02-27 Score computed: 2026-11-14 | Annual history · FY 2025 · Qualitative assessment · TTM ended 2026-09-30 · Balance sheet at 2026-09-30 Latest source filing: 2026-11-05 Score computed: 2026-11-14 | Annual history · FY 2025 · Qualitative assessment Latest source filing: 2026-02-27 Score computed: 2026-11-14 | Annual history · FY 2025 · TTM ended 2026-09-30 · Balance sheet at 2026-09-30 · Market data at 2026-11-01 Latest source filing: 2026-11-05 Score computed: 2026-11-14 | Annual history · FY 2025 · Price history 2025-01-01–2026-11-01 · Balance sheet at 2026-09-30 Latest source filing: 2026-11-05 Score computed: 2026-11-14 | Annual history · FY 2025 · Qualitative assessment Latest source filing: 2026-02-27 Score computed: 2026-11-14 | TTM ended 2026-09-30 · Balance sheet at 2026-09-30 · Price history 2025-01-01–2026-11-01 · Annual history · FY 2025 Latest source filing: 2026-11-05 Score computed: 2026-11-14 | Annual history · FY 2025 · TTM ended 2026-09-30 Latest source filing: 2026-11-05 Score computed: 2026-11-14 | Annual history · FY 2025 · Balance sheet at 2026-09-30 Latest source filing: 2026-11-05 Score computed: 2026-11-14 | TTM ended 2026-09-30 · Annual history · FY 2025 · Price history 2025-01-01–2026-11-01 Latest source filing: 2026-11-05 Score computed: 2026-11-14 |
Where It Passes
- Debt & Leverage58% pass✓ 9✗ 6▾
7 of 12 pass — Buffett, Lynch, Akre +2 more object
Debt Levels0.40✓MungerDebt/Equity < 0.5✗AkreDebt/Equity < 0.3LT Debt vs Net Current AssetsLT Debt $702.6M vs NCA $2.1B✓GrahamLT Debt <= Net Current AssetsDebt/Equity & Interest CoverageD/E: 0.01, IC: N/A✗BuffettD/E < 0.5 AND Interest Coverage > 5xTotal Debt / Equity0.40✗Lynch< 0.33Cash - Long-term Debt$-181.0M✗LynchPositive preferredLT Debt / Total Assets Change0.00% -> 0.00%✓PiotroskiDecreased YoYCurrent Assets / Current Liabilities18.29✓Dreman> 1.5✓SchlossCurrent ratio >= 1.50x (app cutoff)Total Debt / Shareholders' Equity0.40✓Dreman< 0.8✓Templeton< 1.0 (fixed cap; proxy for below-sector-median leverage)✓SchlossD/E < 1.00xInterest Coverage & Debt/EBITDA✗MarksInterest Coverage > 3x; Debt/EBITDA < 4xTotal Debt / Shareholders Equity0.40✓Ackman<= 1.0Negative debt-to-equity (higher means less debt)-0.4044; #2258/4210 (top 53.6%)✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
Where It Falls Short
- Valuation0% pass✓ 1✗ 27▾
No clean pass — all 13 investors flag at least one valuation criterion
Price / 3-yr avg EPS✗Graham<= 15xPrice-to-Book Ratio3.3x✗Graham<= 1.5xP/E x P/B✗Graham<= 22.5Basic earnings-growth PEG (dividends excluded)✗Lynch< 1.0 (ideally < 0.5)EBIT / Enterprise Value-18.3%✗Greenblatt> 10%Earnings Yield + ROC AssessmentEY=-18.3%, ROC=-53.1%✗GreenblattBoth EY > 10% and ROC > 25%Price / EPS✗Dreman< 12x✗Templeton< 12x (fixed ceiling; proxy for the market's cheapest 40%)Price / (CFO / Shares)N/A (negative CFPS)✗Dreman< 8xPrice / Book Value per Share3.3x✗Dreman< 1.2x✗Templeton< 1.5x✗SchlossP/B <= 0.80x (app cutoff)Valuation ReasonablenessOE Yield=-20.3%✗MungerP/E < 25 or Owner Earnings Yield > 5%P/E or FCF YieldFCF Yield=-10.9%✗PabraiP/E < 15 or FCF Yield > 10%P/B or P/E vs. Historical AverageP/B=3.3x✗MarksP/E < 15 or P/B < 2.0Discount to Intrinsic ValueN/A (negative normalized EPS)✗Marks>= 20% below intrinsic valuePrice / FCF per ShareN/A (negative FCF)✗Ackman<= 25Price vs. Trailing Low104% of trailing low ($4.90)✓Templeton<= 120% of trailing low (certified split-adjusted live window)Net income / market capitalization-13.34%; #4319/6340 (top 68.1%)✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-sectionPositive book equity / market capitalization+0.3382; #3516/6449 (top 54.5%)✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-sectionPrice / Diluted EPS✗NeffP/E <= 15x (app proxy for a P/E 40%-60% below the market)(EPS CAGR % + Dividend Yield %) / P/E✗Neff> 0.7 (Neff's published traditional edge)Price / Tangible Book Value per Share3.57x✗SchlossP/TBV <= 1.00x (app cutoff)Book Value per Share Change✗SchlossLatest BVPS >= earliest BVPS over >= 3 years (app rule)Revenue / market capitalization+0.0288; #4704/5247 (top 89.7%)✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section(Operating cash flow - capex) / market capitalization-15.19%; #3407/4519 (top 75.4%)✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-sectionTrailing six-month price return through the evaluation date-57.31%; #5342/6202 (top 86.1%)✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section - Cash Flow0% pass✓ 1✗ 11▾
No clean pass — all 10 investors flag at least one cash flow criterion
Free Cash Flow Proxy$-929.8M✗BuffettPositive and growingFCF Positive and Growing$-784.5M✗LynchPositive and growingOperating Cash Flow$-509.9M✗PiotroskiCFO > 0(CFO / Total Assets) vs ROACFO/Assets=-28.41%, ROA=-51.80%✓PiotroskiCFO/Assets > ROAPrice / (CFO / Shares)N/A (negative CFPS)✗Dreman< 8xP/E or FCF YieldFCF Yield=-10.9%✗PabraiP/E < 15 or FCF Yield > 10%FCF Positive0/6 years FCF positive✗MarksPositive FCF in majority of recent years(OCF - CapEx) / Market Cap-16.9%✗Ackman>= 4%Price / FCF per ShareN/A (negative FCF)✗Ackman<= 25Positive Operating Cash Flow frequency0/6 years positive✗SleepPositive OCF in >= 70% of available yearsOperating Cash Flow - Capital Expenditures$-784.5M✗Neff> $0 (app proxy for a strong fundamental case)(Operating cash flow - capex) / market capitalization-15.19%; #3407/4519 (top 75.4%)✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section - Growth0% pass✓ 3✗ 10▾
No clean pass — all 8 investors flag at least one growth criterion
EPS Growth (3-yr avg, 10-yr window)N/A (negative base EPS)✗Graham>= 33% growthBasic earnings-growth PEG (dividends excluded)✗Lynch< 1.0 (ideally < 0.5)3-5 Year EPS CAGR✗Lynch15-30% (Fast Grower); > 0% to passInventory Growth vs Revenue GrowthN/A (no inventory)✓LynchInventory growth < Revenue growthEPS Growth Direction$-1.10 (2020) -> $-1.13 (2025)✗DremanPositive over recent yearsEPS CAGR✗Dreman> 5% annualizedPositive Net Income Frequency0/6 years positive✗MarksPositive net income in >= 7 of last 10 years3yr Median Revenue Growth19548.1%✓Ackman>= 5%Positive EPS Growth Frequency2/5 years with positive EPS growth✗AckmanPositive EPS growth in >= 3 of last 5 years5-Year EPS CAGR✗Templeton> 0% (5-year EPS CAGR)Revenue growth vs. gross and operating margin trendrevenue up, operating margin -45745.5% -> -1346.9%✓SleepRevenue rising; gross margin flat or falling; operating margin holding5-year Revenue CAGR✗SleepCAGR > 7%3-5 Year Diluted EPS CAGR✗Neff7%-20% annualized - Profitability6% pass✓ 3✗ 32▾
15 of 16 flag JOBY's profitability — Graham, Buffett, Lynch +12 more
Positive EPS (10 years)0/7 years positive✗GrahamPositive EPS every year for 10 yearsEPS Growth (3-yr avg, 10-yr window)N/A (negative base EPS)✗Graham>= 33% growthNet Income Positive (10+ years)0/7 years positive✗BuffettPositive every year for 10+ yearsROE (up to 5-year arithmetic mean)-43.6%✗Buffett> 15% arithmetic mean (app rule)Operating Margin (10-yr trend)✗BuffettStable or rising over 10 yearsFree Cash Flow Proxy$-929.8M✗BuffettPositive and growingEarnings Variance (10-yr CoV)N/A (negative mean EPS)✗BuffettCoV < 0.3Retained Earnings Effectiveness✗Buffett$1 retained -> > $1 market value createdBasic earnings-growth PEG (dividends excluded)✗Lynch< 1.0 (ideally < 0.5)3-5 Year EPS CAGR✗Lynch15-30% (Fast Grower); > 0% to passROE-39.4%✗Lynch> 15%EBIT / Enterprise Value-18.3%✗Greenblatt> 10%Earnings Yield + ROC AssessmentEY=-18.3%, ROC=-53.1%✗GreenblattBoth EY > 10% and ROC > 25%Net Income / Total Assets-51.80%✗PiotroskiROA > 0ROA Change YoY-50.52% -> -51.80% (delta: -1.28%)✗PiotroskiCurrent ROA > Prior ROA(CFO / Total Assets) vs ROACFO/Assets=-28.41%, ROA=-51.80%✓PiotroskiCFO/Assets > ROAGross Margin Change YoY✗PiotroskiImproved YoYPre-Tax Income / Revenue-461.8%✗Dreman>= 8%Net Income / Shareholders' Equity-39.4%✗Dreman> 12%Margin of SafetyP/B=3.3x✗PabraiP/B < 1.5 or P/E < 15Return on Equity-60.7% (3-yr avg)✗AkreROE > 20% (3-year avg)Discount to Intrinsic ValueN/A (negative normalized EPS)✗Marks>= 20% below intrinsic valuePositive Net Income Frequency0/6 years positive✗MarksPositive net income in >= 7 of last 10 yearsOperating Income / Revenue-658.1%✗Ackman>= 15%Net Income / Shareholders Equity-39.4%✗Ackman>= 15%5-Year EPS CAGR✗Templeton> 0% (5-year EPS CAGR)Operating Margin Trend-45745.5% (2023) -> -1346.9% (2025)✓TempletonNon-negative operating-margin trend over 3 yearsRevenue growth vs. gross and operating margin trendrevenue up, operating margin -45745.5% -> -1346.9%✓SleepRevenue rising; gross margin flat or falling; operating margin holdingNet income / market capitalization-13.34%; #4319/6340 (top 68.1%)✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-sectionGross profit / total assets✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-sectionNet income / positive book equity-39.43%; #4072/5226 (top 77.9%)✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-sectionNegative 5-year standard deviation of ROA-0.1614; #4002/5884 (top 68.0%)✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section3-5 Year Diluted EPS CAGR✗Neff7%-20% annualizedPositive Diluted-EPS Years0/6 years positive✗Schloss>= 70% positive over 5-10 observed years (app rule) - Verdicts13% pass✓ 2✗ 13▾
Split decision: 12 FAIL · 2 PASS · 2 NEUTRAL
Overall verdict✗GrahamFAIL (3/9)✗BuffettFAIL (0/9)✗LynchFAIL (1/7)✗GreenblattRank #2465✓PiotroskiPASS (F-Score 4)✗DremanFAIL (3/11)✗MungerFAIL (1/4)✗PabraiFAIL (0/3)✗AkreFAIL (0/6)✗MarksFAIL (0/5)✗AckmanFAIL (3/9)✓TempletonPASS (4/8)✗SleepFAIL (1/6)•AsnessNEUTRAL (Not ranked)✗NeffFAIL (0/6)✗SchlossFAIL (2/7)•OshaughnessyNEUTRAL (Not ranked) - Efficiency38% pass✓ 4✗ 7▾
5 of 8 flag JOBY's efficiency — Buffett, Greenblatt, Munger +2 more
Current Ratio18.29✓Graham>= 2.0ROIC (3-5 yr avg)-49.0%✗Buffett> 10%ROIC - WACC-59.0%✗BuffettPositive (WACC = 10%)EBIT / (NWC + Net Fixed Assets)-53.1%✗Greenblatt> 25%Current Ratio Change YoY20.14 -> 24.09✓PiotroskiIncreased YoYRevenue / Total Assets Change YoY0.00x -> 0.03x✓PiotroskiImproved YoYCurrent Assets / Current Liabilities18.29✓Dreman> 1.5Return on Invested Capital-31.5%✗Munger> 15%ROIC (high and growing)FY2023: ROIC=-35.8%; FY2024: ROIC=-51.3%; FY2025: ROIC=-40.1%✗AkreLatest 3 consecutive FYs: ROIC > 15% in eachReinvestment Rate x ROICN/A (non-positive net income)✗AkreReinvestment Rate * ROIC > 10%ROIC (5-year)0/5 years above 12% (latest -40.1%)✗SleepROIC > 12% in a majority of years
Business & financials
Financial snapshot: annual FY 2025. Current investor scores may use newer quarterly data.
Company Profile
Financial Snapshot
Shareholder Return
Fiscal 2025
Issued 16.2% of shares last year, 30.2% issued over two.
- Buybacks
- —
- Dividends
- —
Company Financials
Latest TTM and quarters alongside annual years
TTM sums four consecutive quarters and uses the latest quarter-end balances. Quarter columns show three-month results; annual columns show full-year totals. Growth compares the same period a year earlier. EPS is not added for TTM; full-year ratios are blank for quarters.
The latest annual period end is unavailable. Showing the latest fiscal cycle’s quarters; quarter and annual columns may overlap. Quarterly shows the full quarter history.
| Metric | TTM · 2026-09-30 2025-10-01 – 2026-09-30 Sources · derived quarter valuesDerived from cumulative filings: revenue, net income, operating income, ebit, pre tax income, operating cash flow, depreciation amortization, capex. | Q3 FY 2026 2026-07-01 – 2026-09-30 Sources · derived quarter valuesDerived from cumulative filings: operating cash flow, depreciation amortization, capex. | Q2 FY 2026 2026-04-01 – 2026-06-30 Sources · derived quarter valuesDerived from cumulative filings: operating cash flow, depreciation amortization, capex. | Q1 FY 2026 2026-01-01 – 2026-03-31 Sources | FY 2025Sources
| FY 2024Sources
| FY 2023Sources
| FY 2022Sources
| FY 2021Sources
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Market Cap | $5.2Bcurrent | -- | -- | -- | $9.7Best. | $6.5Best. | $3.8Best. | $2.8Best. | $1.2Best. |
| Revenue | $148.8M↑557% | $55.1M↑144% | $38.6M↑257493% | $24.2M | $53.4M↑39183% | $136.0K↓87% | $1.0M | $0 | $0 |
| Operating Income | -$979.3M↓48% | -$278.1M↓53% | -$260.9M↓55% | -$233.6M↓43% | -$719.6M↓21% | -$596.8M↓26% | -$472.1M↓20% | -$392.2M↓51% | -$259.1M |
| Net Income | -$688.8M↑35% | -$211.8M↑47% | -$245.4M↑24% | -$110.0M↓33% | -$929.8M↓53% | -$608.0M↓19% | -$513.0M↓99% | -$258.0M↓43% | -$180.3M |
| EPS (Diluted) | -- | $-0.22↑54% | $-0.25↑39% | $-0.12↓9% | $-1.13↓30% | $-0.87↓10% | $-0.79↓80% | $-0.44↑28% | $-0.61 |
| Gross Margin | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Operating Margin | -658.1%↑78% | -504.8%↑37% | -675.2%↑100% | -963.4% | -1346.9%↑100% | -438789.7%↓859% | -45745.5% | — | — |
| ROE | -39.4%↑66% | — | — | — | -66.0%↑1% | -66.6%↓34% | -49.6%↓124% | -22.2%↓62% | -13.7% |
| Total Debt | $706.4M↑7531% | $706.4M↑7531% | $705.2M | $704.4M | $9.7M↑51% | $6.4M↑7% | $6.0M↑347% | $1.3M↓7% | $1.4M |
| Shareholders' Equity | $1.7B↑95% | $1.7B↑95% | $1.8B↑97% | $2.0B↑128% | $1.4B↑55% | $912.4M↓12% | $1.0B↓11% | $1.2B↓12% | $1.3B |
| Current Ratio | 18.29↑34% | 18.29↑34% | 17.98↑4% | 22.05↑24% | 24.09↑20% | 20.14↓14% | 23.39↓35% | 35.90↓62% | 95.22 |
| Debt / Equity | 0.40↑3816% | 0.40↑3816% | 0.40 | 0.36 | 0.01↓2% | 0.01↑21% | 0.01↑404% | 0.00↑5% | 0.00 |
| Operating Cash Flow | -$639.4M↓34% | -$168.6M↓21% | -$173.1M↓62% | -$144.4M↓30% | -$509.9M↓17% | -$436.3M↓39% | -$313.8M↓33% | -$235.9M↓21% | -$195.7M |
| Free Cash Flow | -$784.5M↓47% | -$193.4M↓27% | -$201.8M↓70% | -$222.4M↓77% | -$563.8M↓18% | -$476.9M↓38% | -$344.4M↓18% | -$290.8M↓28% | -$228.1M |
Score history
Historical Score Timeline
Industry peers
Industry Peers
Similar companies in Aircraft
JOBY vs Peers — Financial Grading
| Company | Market Cap | Price | Revenue | Net Income | ROE | D/E | Op. Margin | Curr. Ratio | Graham | Buffett | Lynch | Greenblatt | Piotroski | Dreman |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RTX CorpRTX | $268.0B | $198.58 | $88.6B | $6.7B | 10.3% | 0.58 | 10.5% | 1.03 | 2/9 | 1/9 | 3/7 | 1/3 | F-Score 7 | 4/11 |
| BOEING COBA | $135.9B | $171.50 | $89.5B | $2.2B | 41.0% | 9.92 | 4.8% | 1.19 | 1/9 | 1/9 | 3/7 | 1/3 | F-Score 6 | 3/11 |
| HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INCHON | $70.6B | $222.46 | $37.4B | $4.7B | 34.0% | 2.06 | 21.7% | 1.30 | 2/9 | 4/9 | 4/7 | 0/3 | F-Score 5 | 7/11 |
| TransDigm Group INCTDG | $66.5B | $1217.28 | $8.8B | $2.1B | -21.4% | -3.02 | 47.2% | 3.21 | 3/9 | 4/9 | 2/7 | 1/3 | F-Score 6 | 3/11 |
| HEICO CORPHEI | $47.5B | $340.18 | $4.5B | $690.4M | 16.0% | 0.50 | 22.7% | 2.83 | 3/9 | 5/9 | 4/7 | 1/3 | F-Score 7 | 5/11 |
| ELBIT SYSTEMS LTDESLT | $33.1B | $706.62 | $7.9B | $534.3M | 12.9% | 0.02 | 8.5% | 1.29 | 5/9 | 5/9 | 5/7 | 1/3 | F-Score 8 | 5/11 |
| TEXTRON INCTXT | $14.2B | $83.65 | $14.8B | $921.0M | 11.7% | 0.01 | — | — | 2/9 | 2/9 | 3/7 | 0/3 | F-Score 7 | 4/11 |
| EMBRAER S.A.EMBJ | $14.0B | $78.73 | $7.6B | $351.9M | 10.2% | — | 8.0% | 1.50 | 2/9 | 2/9 | 3/7 | 0/3 | F-Score 7 | 4/11 |