Joby Aviation, Inc.

JOBY
Country: United StatesPrice: $5.08Market Cap: $5.2B

Investment snapshot

12%positive consensus
Scored 1d ago

Positive

2

BUY / PASS

Neutral / negative

2 / 12

NEUTRAL / FAIL

Median fair value

—

No comparable estimates

Models with upside

0 / 17

Positive margin of safety

Strongest signal

7 of 12 pass — Buffett, Lynch, Akre +2 more object

Key risk

No clean pass — all 13 investors flag at least one valuation criterion

Framework analysis

VerdictMeaning
BUYPositive purchase signal: the framework's buy requirements are met.
PASSThe company clears the framework's checklist or screen, but the framework does not produce a buy signal. For valuation frameworks this often means margin of safety is missing, insufficient, or unavailable; some screen-only frameworks have no intrinsic-value BUY state.
NEUTRALNeither a positive nor negative conclusion. It does not mean to hold an existing position.
FAILThe company does not clear the framework's requirements.
RankedRanked strategies do not use PASS: selected cohort is BUY, outside the cohort is FAIL, and unranked is NEUTRAL.

Current investor scores use trailing 12-month flows and the latest balance sheet where supported. Multi-year and EPS tests retain annual history; each framework shows its financial basis below. Intrinsic values use annual financials.

MetricGraham

Defensive Value

Buffett

Quality Compounder

Lynch

GARP

Greenblatt

Magic Formula

Piotroski

F-Score

Dreman

Contrarian Value

Munger

Quality Focus

Pabrai

Dhandho Framework

Akre

Three-Legged Stool

Marks

Risk-Aware Value

Ackman

Activist Value

Templeton

Global Bargain Hunter

Sleep

Scale Economies Shared

Asness

Systematic Factors

Neff

Low-P/E Total Return

Schloss

Asset-Value Discipline

O'Shaughnessy

Systematic Factor Composite

VerdictFAILFAILFAILFAIL · Rank #2465 (Top 79.6%)PASSFAILFAILFAILFAILFAILFAILPASSFAILNEUTRALFAILFAILNEUTRAL
Score
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Intrinsic Value (annual)N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
Margin of SafetyN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
Financial Basis

TTM ended 2026-09-30 · Balance sheet at 2026-09-30 · Annual history · FY 2025

Latest source filing: 2026-11-05

Score computed: 2026-11-14

Annual history · FY 2025

Latest source filing: 2026-02-27

Score computed: 2026-11-14

Annual history · FY 2025 · Balance sheet at 2026-09-30 · TTM ended 2026-09-30 vs 2025-09-30 · TTM ended 2026-09-30

Latest source filing: 2026-11-05

Score computed: 2026-11-14

TTM ended 2026-09-30

Latest source filing: 2026-11-05

Score computed: 2026-11-14

Annual history · FY 2025

Latest source filing: 2026-02-27

Score computed: 2026-11-14

Annual history · FY 2025 · TTM ended 2026-09-30 · Balance sheet at 2026-09-30 · Market data at 2026-11-01

Latest source filing: 2026-11-05

Score computed: 2026-11-14

Qualitative assessment · Annual history · FY 2025 · TTM ended 2026-09-30 · Balance sheet at 2026-09-30

Latest source filing: 2026-11-05

Score computed: 2026-11-14

Qualitative assessment · Annual history · FY 2025

Latest source filing: 2026-02-27

Score computed: 2026-11-14

Annual history · FY 2025 · Qualitative assessment · TTM ended 2026-09-30 · Balance sheet at 2026-09-30

Latest source filing: 2026-11-05

Score computed: 2026-11-14

Annual history · FY 2025 · Qualitative assessment

Latest source filing: 2026-02-27

Score computed: 2026-11-14

Annual history · FY 2025 · TTM ended 2026-09-30 · Balance sheet at 2026-09-30 · Market data at 2026-11-01

Latest source filing: 2026-11-05

Score computed: 2026-11-14

Annual history · FY 2025 · Price history 2025-01-01–2026-11-01 · Balance sheet at 2026-09-30

Latest source filing: 2026-11-05

Score computed: 2026-11-14

Annual history · FY 2025 · Qualitative assessment

Latest source filing: 2026-02-27

Score computed: 2026-11-14

TTM ended 2026-09-30 · Balance sheet at 2026-09-30 · Price history 2025-01-01–2026-11-01 · Annual history · FY 2025

Latest source filing: 2026-11-05

Score computed: 2026-11-14

Annual history · FY 2025 · TTM ended 2026-09-30

Latest source filing: 2026-11-05

Score computed: 2026-11-14

Annual history · FY 2025 · Balance sheet at 2026-09-30

Latest source filing: 2026-11-05

Score computed: 2026-11-14

TTM ended 2026-09-30 · Annual history · FY 2025 · Price history 2025-01-01–2026-11-01

Latest source filing: 2026-11-05

Score computed: 2026-11-14

Where It Passes

  • Debt & Leverage58% pass✓ 9✗ 6▾

    7 of 12 pass — Buffett, Lynch, Akre +2 more object

    Debt Levels0.40
    ✓MungerDebt/Equity < 0.5✗AkreDebt/Equity < 0.3
    LT Debt vs Net Current AssetsLT Debt $702.6M vs NCA $2.1B
    ✓GrahamLT Debt <= Net Current Assets
    Debt/Equity & Interest CoverageD/E: 0.01, IC: N/A
    ✗BuffettD/E < 0.5 AND Interest Coverage > 5x
    Total Debt / Equity0.40
    ✗Lynch< 0.33
    Cash - Long-term Debt$-181.0M
    ✗LynchPositive preferred
    LT Debt / Total Assets Change0.00% -> 0.00%
    ✓PiotroskiDecreased YoY
    Current Assets / Current Liabilities18.29
    ✓Dreman> 1.5✓SchlossCurrent ratio >= 1.50x (app cutoff)
    Total Debt / Shareholders' Equity0.40
    ✓Dreman< 0.8✓Templeton< 1.0 (fixed cap; proxy for below-sector-median leverage)✓SchlossD/E < 1.00x
    Interest Coverage & Debt/EBITDA
    ✗MarksInterest Coverage > 3x; Debt/EBITDA < 4x
    Total Debt / Shareholders Equity0.40
    ✓Ackman<= 1.0
    Negative debt-to-equity (higher means less debt)-0.4044; #2258/4210 (top 53.6%)
    ✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section

Where It Falls Short

  • Valuation0% pass✓ 1✗ 27▾

    No clean pass — all 13 investors flag at least one valuation criterion

    Price / 3-yr avg EPS
    ✗Graham<= 15x
    Price-to-Book Ratio3.3x
    ✗Graham<= 1.5x
    P/E x P/B
    ✗Graham<= 22.5
    Basic earnings-growth PEG (dividends excluded)
    ✗Lynch< 1.0 (ideally < 0.5)
    EBIT / Enterprise Value-18.3%
    ✗Greenblatt> 10%
    Earnings Yield + ROC AssessmentEY=-18.3%, ROC=-53.1%
    ✗GreenblattBoth EY > 10% and ROC > 25%
    Price / EPS
    ✗Dreman< 12x✗Templeton< 12x (fixed ceiling; proxy for the market's cheapest 40%)
    Price / (CFO / Shares)N/A (negative CFPS)
    ✗Dreman< 8x
    Price / Book Value per Share3.3x
    ✗Dreman< 1.2x✗Templeton< 1.5x✗SchlossP/B <= 0.80x (app cutoff)
    Valuation ReasonablenessOE Yield=-20.3%
    ✗MungerP/E < 25 or Owner Earnings Yield > 5%
    P/E or FCF YieldFCF Yield=-10.9%
    ✗PabraiP/E < 15 or FCF Yield > 10%
    P/B or P/E vs. Historical AverageP/B=3.3x
    ✗MarksP/E < 15 or P/B < 2.0
    Discount to Intrinsic ValueN/A (negative normalized EPS)
    ✗Marks>= 20% below intrinsic value
    Price / FCF per ShareN/A (negative FCF)
    ✗Ackman<= 25
    Price vs. Trailing Low104% of trailing low ($4.90)
    ✓Templeton<= 120% of trailing low (certified split-adjusted live window)
    Net income / market capitalization-13.34%; #4319/6340 (top 68.1%)
    ✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
    Positive book equity / market capitalization+0.3382; #3516/6449 (top 54.5%)
    ✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
    Price / Diluted EPS
    ✗NeffP/E <= 15x (app proxy for a P/E 40%-60% below the market)
    (EPS CAGR % + Dividend Yield %) / P/E
    ✗Neff> 0.7 (Neff's published traditional edge)
    Price / Tangible Book Value per Share3.57x
    ✗SchlossP/TBV <= 1.00x (app cutoff)
    Book Value per Share Change
    ✗SchlossLatest BVPS >= earliest BVPS over >= 3 years (app rule)
    Revenue / market capitalization+0.0288; #4704/5247 (top 89.7%)
    ✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
    (Operating cash flow - capex) / market capitalization-15.19%; #3407/4519 (top 75.4%)
    ✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
    Trailing six-month price return through the evaluation date-57.31%; #5342/6202 (top 86.1%)
    ✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
  • Cash Flow0% pass✓ 1✗ 11▾

    No clean pass — all 10 investors flag at least one cash flow criterion

    Free Cash Flow Proxy$-929.8M
    ✗BuffettPositive and growing
    FCF Positive and Growing$-784.5M
    ✗LynchPositive and growing
    Operating Cash Flow$-509.9M
    ✗PiotroskiCFO > 0
    (CFO / Total Assets) vs ROACFO/Assets=-28.41%, ROA=-51.80%
    ✓PiotroskiCFO/Assets > ROA
    Price / (CFO / Shares)N/A (negative CFPS)
    ✗Dreman< 8x
    P/E or FCF YieldFCF Yield=-10.9%
    ✗PabraiP/E < 15 or FCF Yield > 10%
    FCF Positive0/6 years FCF positive
    ✗MarksPositive FCF in majority of recent years
    (OCF - CapEx) / Market Cap-16.9%
    ✗Ackman>= 4%
    Price / FCF per ShareN/A (negative FCF)
    ✗Ackman<= 25
    Positive Operating Cash Flow frequency0/6 years positive
    ✗SleepPositive OCF in >= 70% of available years
    Operating Cash Flow - Capital Expenditures$-784.5M
    ✗Neff> $0 (app proxy for a strong fundamental case)
    (Operating cash flow - capex) / market capitalization-15.19%; #3407/4519 (top 75.4%)
    ✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
  • Growth0% pass✓ 3✗ 10▾

    No clean pass — all 8 investors flag at least one growth criterion

    EPS Growth (3-yr avg, 10-yr window)N/A (negative base EPS)
    ✗Graham>= 33% growth
    Basic earnings-growth PEG (dividends excluded)
    ✗Lynch< 1.0 (ideally < 0.5)
    3-5 Year EPS CAGR
    ✗Lynch15-30% (Fast Grower); > 0% to pass
    Inventory Growth vs Revenue GrowthN/A (no inventory)
    ✓LynchInventory growth < Revenue growth
    EPS Growth Direction$-1.10 (2020) -> $-1.13 (2025)
    ✗DremanPositive over recent years
    EPS CAGR
    ✗Dreman> 5% annualized
    Positive Net Income Frequency0/6 years positive
    ✗MarksPositive net income in >= 7 of last 10 years
    3yr Median Revenue Growth19548.1%
    ✓Ackman>= 5%
    Positive EPS Growth Frequency2/5 years with positive EPS growth
    ✗AckmanPositive EPS growth in >= 3 of last 5 years
    5-Year EPS CAGR
    ✗Templeton> 0% (5-year EPS CAGR)
    Revenue growth vs. gross and operating margin trendrevenue up, operating margin -45745.5% -> -1346.9%
    ✓SleepRevenue rising; gross margin flat or falling; operating margin holding
    5-year Revenue CAGR
    ✗SleepCAGR > 7%
    3-5 Year Diluted EPS CAGR
    ✗Neff7%-20% annualized
  • Profitability6% pass✓ 3✗ 32▾

    15 of 16 flag JOBY's profitability — Graham, Buffett, Lynch +12 more

    Positive EPS (10 years)0/7 years positive
    ✗GrahamPositive EPS every year for 10 years
    EPS Growth (3-yr avg, 10-yr window)N/A (negative base EPS)
    ✗Graham>= 33% growth
    Net Income Positive (10+ years)0/7 years positive
    ✗BuffettPositive every year for 10+ years
    ROE (up to 5-year arithmetic mean)-43.6%
    ✗Buffett> 15% arithmetic mean (app rule)
    Operating Margin (10-yr trend)
    ✗BuffettStable or rising over 10 years
    Free Cash Flow Proxy$-929.8M
    ✗BuffettPositive and growing
    Earnings Variance (10-yr CoV)N/A (negative mean EPS)
    ✗BuffettCoV < 0.3
    Retained Earnings Effectiveness
    ✗Buffett$1 retained -> > $1 market value created
    Basic earnings-growth PEG (dividends excluded)
    ✗Lynch< 1.0 (ideally < 0.5)
    3-5 Year EPS CAGR
    ✗Lynch15-30% (Fast Grower); > 0% to pass
    ROE-39.4%
    ✗Lynch> 15%
    EBIT / Enterprise Value-18.3%
    ✗Greenblatt> 10%
    Earnings Yield + ROC AssessmentEY=-18.3%, ROC=-53.1%
    ✗GreenblattBoth EY > 10% and ROC > 25%
    Net Income / Total Assets-51.80%
    ✗PiotroskiROA > 0
    ROA Change YoY-50.52% -> -51.80% (delta: -1.28%)
    ✗PiotroskiCurrent ROA > Prior ROA
    (CFO / Total Assets) vs ROACFO/Assets=-28.41%, ROA=-51.80%
    ✓PiotroskiCFO/Assets > ROA
    Gross Margin Change YoY
    ✗PiotroskiImproved YoY
    Pre-Tax Income / Revenue-461.8%
    ✗Dreman>= 8%
    Net Income / Shareholders' Equity-39.4%
    ✗Dreman> 12%
    Margin of SafetyP/B=3.3x
    ✗PabraiP/B < 1.5 or P/E < 15
    Return on Equity-60.7% (3-yr avg)
    ✗AkreROE > 20% (3-year avg)
    Discount to Intrinsic ValueN/A (negative normalized EPS)
    ✗Marks>= 20% below intrinsic value
    Positive Net Income Frequency0/6 years positive
    ✗MarksPositive net income in >= 7 of last 10 years
    Operating Income / Revenue-658.1%
    ✗Ackman>= 15%
    Net Income / Shareholders Equity-39.4%
    ✗Ackman>= 15%
    5-Year EPS CAGR
    ✗Templeton> 0% (5-year EPS CAGR)
    Operating Margin Trend-45745.5% (2023) -> -1346.9% (2025)
    ✓TempletonNon-negative operating-margin trend over 3 years
    Revenue growth vs. gross and operating margin trendrevenue up, operating margin -45745.5% -> -1346.9%
    ✓SleepRevenue rising; gross margin flat or falling; operating margin holding
    Net income / market capitalization-13.34%; #4319/6340 (top 68.1%)
    ✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
    Gross profit / total assets
    ✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
    Net income / positive book equity-39.43%; #4072/5226 (top 77.9%)
    ✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
    Negative 5-year standard deviation of ROA-0.1614; #4002/5884 (top 68.0%)
    ✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
    3-5 Year Diluted EPS CAGR
    ✗Neff7%-20% annualized
    Positive Diluted-EPS Years0/6 years positive
    ✗Schloss>= 70% positive over 5-10 observed years (app rule)
  • Verdicts13% pass✓ 2✗ 13▾

    Split decision: 12 FAIL · 2 PASS · 2 NEUTRAL

    Overall verdict
    ✗GrahamFAIL (3/9)✗BuffettFAIL (0/9)✗LynchFAIL (1/7)✗GreenblattRank #2465✓PiotroskiPASS (F-Score 4)✗DremanFAIL (3/11)✗MungerFAIL (1/4)✗PabraiFAIL (0/3)✗AkreFAIL (0/6)✗MarksFAIL (0/5)✗AckmanFAIL (3/9)✓TempletonPASS (4/8)✗SleepFAIL (1/6)•AsnessNEUTRAL (Not ranked)✗NeffFAIL (0/6)✗SchlossFAIL (2/7)•OshaughnessyNEUTRAL (Not ranked)
  • Efficiency38% pass✓ 4✗ 7▾

    5 of 8 flag JOBY's efficiency — Buffett, Greenblatt, Munger +2 more

    Current Ratio18.29
    ✓Graham>= 2.0
    ROIC (3-5 yr avg)-49.0%
    ✗Buffett> 10%
    ROIC - WACC-59.0%
    ✗BuffettPositive (WACC = 10%)
    EBIT / (NWC + Net Fixed Assets)-53.1%
    ✗Greenblatt> 25%
    Current Ratio Change YoY20.14 -> 24.09
    ✓PiotroskiIncreased YoY
    Revenue / Total Assets Change YoY0.00x -> 0.03x
    ✓PiotroskiImproved YoY
    Current Assets / Current Liabilities18.29
    ✓Dreman> 1.5
    Return on Invested Capital-31.5%
    ✗Munger> 15%
    ROIC (high and growing)FY2023: ROIC=-35.8%; FY2024: ROIC=-51.3%; FY2025: ROIC=-40.1%
    ✗AkreLatest 3 consecutive FYs: ROIC > 15% in each
    Reinvestment Rate x ROICN/A (non-positive net income)
    ✗AkreReinvestment Rate * ROIC > 10%
    ROIC (5-year)0/5 years above 12% (latest -40.1%)
    ✗SleepROIC > 12% in a majority of years

Business & financials

Financial snapshot: annual FY 2025. Current investor scores may use newer quarterly data.

Company Profile

Industry: Aircraft
SIC Sector: Transportation Equipment
Size: Mid Cap($5.2B)
Revenue: $53.4M+39183.1% YoY
Net Income: $929.8M-52.9% YoY

Financial Snapshot

Operating Margin-1346.9%
Return on Equity-66.0%
Debt / Equity0.01
Current Ratio24.09
EPS (Diluted)$-1.13
Shares Retired−16.2% / −30.2% 2y

Shareholder Return

Fiscal 2025

Issued 16.2% of shares last year, 30.2% issued over two.

Buybacks
—
Dividends
—

Company Financials

Latest TTM and quarters alongside annual years

TTM sums four consecutive quarters and uses the latest quarter-end balances. Quarter columns show three-month results; annual columns show full-year totals. Growth compares the same period a year earlier. EPS is not added for TTM; full-year ratios are blank for quarters.

The latest annual period end is unavailable. Showing the latest fiscal cycle’s quarters; quarter and annual columns may overlap. Quarterly shows the full quarter history.

MetricTTM · 2026-09-30

2025-10-01 – 2026-09-30

Sources · derived quarter values

Derived from cumulative filings: revenue, net income, operating income, ebit, pre tax income, operating cash flow, depreciation amortization, capex.

Q3 FY 2026

2026-07-01 – 2026-09-30

Sources · derived quarter values

Derived from cumulative filings: operating cash flow, depreciation amortization, capex.

Q2 FY 2026

2026-04-01 – 2026-06-30

Sources · derived quarter values

Derived from cumulative filings: operating cash flow, depreciation amortization, capex.

Q1 FY 2026

2026-01-01 – 2026-03-31

Sources
FY 2025
Sources
  • 10-K · 2026-02-27
FY 2024
Sources
  • 10-K · 2025-02-27
FY 2023
Sources
  • 10-K · 2024-02-27
FY 2022
Sources
  • 10-K · 2023-03-01
FY 2021
Sources
  • 10-K · 2022-03-28
Market Cap$5.2Bcurrent------$9.7Best.$6.5Best.$3.8Best.$2.8Best.$1.2Best.
Revenue$148.8M↑557%$55.1M↑144%$38.6M↑257493%$24.2M$53.4M↑39183%$136.0K↓87%$1.0M$0$0
Operating Income-$979.3M↓48%-$278.1M↓53%-$260.9M↓55%-$233.6M↓43%-$719.6M↓21%-$596.8M↓26%-$472.1M↓20%-$392.2M↓51%-$259.1M
Net Income-$688.8M↑35%-$211.8M↑47%-$245.4M↑24%-$110.0M↓33%-$929.8M↓53%-$608.0M↓19%-$513.0M↓99%-$258.0M↓43%-$180.3M
EPS (Diluted)--$-0.22↑54%$-0.25↑39%$-0.12↓9%$-1.13↓30%$-0.87↓10%$-0.79↓80%$-0.44↑28%$-0.61
Gross Margin—————————
Operating Margin-658.1%↑78%-504.8%↑37%-675.2%↑100%-963.4%-1346.9%↑100%-438789.7%↓859%-45745.5%——
ROE-39.4%↑66%———-66.0%↑1%-66.6%↓34%-49.6%↓124%-22.2%↓62%-13.7%
Total Debt$706.4M↑7531%$706.4M↑7531%$705.2M$704.4M$9.7M↑51%$6.4M↑7%$6.0M↑347%$1.3M↓7%$1.4M
Shareholders' Equity$1.7B↑95%$1.7B↑95%$1.8B↑97%$2.0B↑128%$1.4B↑55%$912.4M↓12%$1.0B↓11%$1.2B↓12%$1.3B
Current Ratio18.29↑34%18.29↑34%17.98↑4%22.05↑24%24.09↑20%20.14↓14%23.39↓35%35.90↓62%95.22
Debt / Equity0.40↑3816%0.40↑3816%0.400.360.01↓2%0.01↑21%0.01↑404%0.00↑5%0.00
Operating Cash Flow-$639.4M↓34%-$168.6M↓21%-$173.1M↓62%-$144.4M↓30%-$509.9M↓17%-$436.3M↓39%-$313.8M↓33%-$235.9M↓21%-$195.7M
Free Cash Flow-$784.5M↓47%-$193.4M↓27%-$201.8M↓70%-$222.4M↓77%-$563.8M↓18%-$476.9M↓38%-$344.4M↓18%-$290.8M↓28%-$228.1M

Score history

Historical Score Timeline

Industry peers

Industry Peers

Similar companies in Aircraft

JOBY vs Peers — Financial Grading

Revenue$53.4MBottom 25%
Net Income$929.8MBottom 25%
ROE-66.0%Bottom 25%
D/E0.01Top 25%
Op. Margin-1346.9%Bottom 25%
Curr. Ratio24.09Top 25%
CompanyMarket CapPriceRevenueNet IncomeROED/EOp. MarginCurr. RatioGrahamBuffettLynchGreenblattPiotroskiDreman
RTX CorpRTX$268.0B$198.58$88.6B$6.7B10.3%0.5810.5%1.032/91/93/71/3F-Score 74/11
BOEING COBA$135.9B$171.50$89.5B$2.2B41.0%9.924.8%1.191/91/93/71/3F-Score 63/11
HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INCHON$70.6B$222.46$37.4B$4.7B34.0%2.0621.7%1.302/94/94/70/3F-Score 57/11
TransDigm Group INCTDG$66.5B$1217.28$8.8B$2.1B-21.4%-3.0247.2%3.213/94/92/71/3F-Score 63/11
HEICO CORPHEI$47.5B$340.18$4.5B$690.4M16.0%0.5022.7%2.833/95/94/71/3F-Score 75/11
ELBIT SYSTEMS LTDESLT$33.1B$706.62$7.9B$534.3M12.9%0.028.5%1.295/95/95/71/3F-Score 85/11
TEXTRON INCTXT$14.2B$83.65$14.8B$921.0M11.7%0.01——2/92/93/70/3F-Score 74/11
EMBRAER S.A.EMBJ$14.0B$78.73$7.6B$351.9M10.2%—8.0%1.502/92/93/70/3F-Score 74/11