PAVmed Inc.

Where It Passes

Where It Falls Short

• Profitability0% pass✓ 3✗ 32▾

  No clean pass — all 16 investors flag at least one profitability criterion

  Positive EPS (10 years)1/12 years positive

  ✗GrahamPositive EPS every year for 10 years

  EPS Growth (3-yr avg, 10-yr window)

  ✗Graham>= 33% growth

  Net Income Positive (10+ years)2/12 years positive

  ✗BuffettPositive every year for 10+ years

  ROE (up to 5-year arithmetic mean)-542.1%

  ✗Buffett> 15% arithmetic mean (app rule)

  Operating Margin (10-yr trend)-30712.7% (latest)

  ✓BuffettStable or rising over 10 years

  Free Cash Flow Proxy$0.5M

  ✓BuffettPositive and growing

  Earnings Variance (10-yr CoV)

  ✗BuffettCoV < 0.3

  Retained Earnings Effectiveness

  ✗Buffett$1 retained -> > $1 market value created

  Basic earnings-growth PEG (dividends excluded)

  ✗Lynch< 1.0 (ideally < 0.5)

  3-5 Year EPS CAGR

  ✗Lynch15-30% (Fast Grower); > 0% to pass

  ROE-34.5%

  ✗Lynch> 15%

  EBIT / Enterprise Value-96.5%

  ✗Greenblatt> 10%

  Earnings Yield + ROC AssessmentEY=-96.5%, ROC=N/A (invested capital <= 0)

  ✗GreenblattBoth EY > 10% and ROC > 25%

  Net Income / Total Assets1.03%

  ✓PiotroskiROA > 0

  ROA Change YoY129.78% -> 1.03% (delta: -128.75%)

  ✗PiotroskiCurrent ROA > Prior ROA

  (CFO / Total Assets) vs ROACFO/Assets=-13.41%, ROA=1.03%

  ✗PiotroskiCFO/Assets > ROA

  Gross Margin Change YoY-61.3% -> -207.0%

  ✗PiotroskiImproved YoY

  Pre-Tax Income / Revenue-14669.6%

  ✗Dreman>= 8%

  Net Income / Shareholders' Equity-34.5%

  ✗Dreman> 12%

  Margin of Safety

  ✗PabraiP/B < 1.5 or P/E < 15

  Return on Equity-629.4% (3-yr avg)

  ✗AkreROE > 20% (3-year avg)

  Discount to Intrinsic Value

  ✗Marks>= 20% below intrinsic value

  Positive Net Income Frequency2/11 years positive

  ✗MarksPositive net income in >= 7 of last 10 years

  Operating Income / Revenue-23842.9%

  ✗Ackman>= 15%

  Net Income / Shareholders Equity-34.5%

  ✗Ackman>= 15%

  5-Year EPS CAGR

  ✗Templeton> 0% (5-year EPS CAGR)

  Operating Margin Trend-2751.8% (2023) -> -30712.7% (2025)

  ✗TempletonNon-negative operating-margin trend over 3 years

  Revenue growth vs. gross and operating margin trendgross margin -156.8% -> -207.0%, operating margin -2751.8% -> -30712.7%

  ✗SleepRevenue rising; gross margin flat or falling; operating margin holding

  Net income / market capitalization-92.76%; #5361/6340 (top 84.6%)

  ✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section

  Gross profit / total assets-0.38%; #3537/3702 (top 95.5%)

  ✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section

  Net income / positive book equity-34.50%; #3980/5226 (top 76.2%)

  ✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section

  Negative 5-year standard deviation of ROA-1.1713; #5320/5884 (top 90.4%)

  ✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section

  3-5 Year Diluted EPS CAGR

  ✗Neff7%-20% annualized

  Positive Diluted-EPS Years1/10 years positive

  ✗Schloss>= 70% positive over 5-10 observed years (app rule)
• Valuation0% pass✓ 2✗ 26▾

  No clean pass — all 13 investors flag at least one valuation criterion

  Price / 3-yr avg EPS

  ✗Graham<= 15x

  Price-to-Book Ratio

  ✗Graham<= 1.5x

  P/E x P/B

  ✗Graham<= 22.5

  Basic earnings-growth PEG (dividends excluded)

  ✗Lynch< 1.0 (ideally < 0.5)

  EBIT / Enterprise Value-96.5%

  ✗Greenblatt> 10%

  Earnings Yield + ROC AssessmentEY=-96.5%, ROC=N/A (invested capital <= 0)

  ✗GreenblattBoth EY > 10% and ROC > 25%

  Price / EPS

  ✗Dreman< 12x✗Templeton< 12x (fixed ceiling; proxy for the market's cheapest 40%)

  Price / (CFO / Shares)

  ✗Dreman< 8x

  Price / Book Value per Share

  ✗Dreman< 1.2x✗Templeton< 1.5x✗SchlossP/B <= 0.80x (app cutoff)

  Valuation Reasonableness

  ✗MungerP/E < 25 or Owner Earnings Yield > 5%

  P/E or FCF YieldFCF Yield=-40.2%

  ✗PabraiP/E < 15 or FCF Yield > 10%

  P/B or P/E vs. Historical Average

  ✗MarksP/E < 15 or P/B < 2.0

  Discount to Intrinsic Value

  ✗Marks>= 20% below intrinsic value

  Price / FCF per Share

  ✗Ackman<= 25

  Price vs. Trailing Low100% of trailing low ($1.63)

  ✓Templeton<= 120% of trailing low (certified split-adjusted live window)

  Net income / market capitalization-92.76%; #5361/6340 (top 84.6%)

  ✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section

  Positive book equity / market capitalization+2.6891; #509/6449 (top 7.9%)

  ✓AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section

  Price / Diluted EPS

  ✗NeffP/E <= 15x (app proxy for a P/E 40%-60% below the market)

  (EPS CAGR % + Dividend Yield %) / P/E

  ✗Neff> 0.7 (Neff's published traditional edge)

  Price / Tangible Book Value per Share

  ✗SchlossP/TBV <= 1.00x (app cutoff)

  Book Value per Share Change

  ✗SchlossLatest BVPS >= earliest BVPS over >= 3 years (app rule)

  Revenue / market capitalization+0.0086; #4875/5247 (top 92.9%)

  ✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section

  (Operating cash flow - capex) / market capitalization-59.71%; #3908/4519 (top 86.5%)

  ✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section

  Trailing six-month price return through the evaluation date-82.36%; #5862/6202 (top 94.5%)

  ✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
• Growth0% pass✓ 2✗ 11▾

  No clean pass — all 8 investors flag at least one growth criterion

  EPS Growth (3-yr avg, 10-yr window)

  ✗Graham>= 33% growth

  Basic earnings-growth PEG (dividends excluded)

  ✗Lynch< 1.0 (ideally < 0.5)

  3-5 Year EPS CAGR

  ✗Lynch15-30% (Fast Grower); > 0% to pass

  Inventory Growth vs Revenue GrowthN/A (no inventory)

  ✓LynchInventory growth < Revenue growth

  EPS Growth Direction

  ✗DremanPositive over recent years

  EPS CAGR

  ✗Dreman> 5% annualized

  Positive Net Income Frequency2/11 years positive

  ✗MarksPositive net income in >= 7 of last 10 years

  3yr Median Revenue Growth20.0%

  ✓Ackman>= 5%

  Positive EPS Growth Frequency

  ✗AckmanPositive EPS growth in >= 3 of last 5 years

  5-Year EPS CAGR

  ✗Templeton> 0% (5-year EPS CAGR)

  Revenue growth vs. gross and operating margin trendgross margin -156.8% -> -207.0%, operating margin -2751.8% -> -30712.7%

  ✗SleepRevenue rising; gross margin flat or falling; operating margin holding

  5-year Revenue CAGR

  ✗SleepCAGR > 7%

  3-5 Year Diluted EPS CAGR

  ✗Neff7%-20% annualized
• Efficiency0% pass✓ 1✗ 10▾

  No clean pass — all 8 investors flag at least one efficiency criterion

  Current Ratio1.19

  ✗Graham>= 2.0

  ROIC (3-5 yr avg)-88.9%

  ✗Buffett> 10%

  ROIC - WACC-98.9%

  ✗BuffettPositive (WACC = 10%)

  EBIT / (NWC + Net Fixed Assets)N/A (invested capital <= 0)

  ✗Greenblatt> 25%

  Current Ratio Change YoY0.06 -> 0.17

  ✓PiotroskiIncreased YoY

  Revenue / Total Assets Change YoY0.10x -> 0.00x

  ✗PiotroskiImproved YoY

  Current Assets / Current Liabilities1.19

  ✗Dreman> 1.5

  Return on Invested Capital-60.2%

  ✗Munger> 15%

  ROIC (high and growing)FY2023: ROIC=unavailable; FY2024: ROIC=-132.1%; FY2025: ROIC=-38.2%

  ✗AkreLatest 3 consecutive FYs: ROIC > 15% in each

  Reinvestment Rate x ROIC-38.2% (RR=100% x ROIC=-38.2%)

  ✗AkreReinvestment Rate * ROIC > 10%

  ROIC (5-year)0/3 years above 12% (latest -38.2%)

  ✗SleepROIC > 12% in a majority of years
• Verdicts7% pass✓ 1✗ 14▾

  Split decision: 14 FAIL · 1 PASS · 1 NEUTRAL

  Overall verdict

  ✗GrahamFAIL (0/9)✗BuffettFAIL (2/9)✗LynchFAIL (2/7)•GreenblattNot ranked✗PiotroskiFAIL (F-Score 3)✗DremanFAIL (1/11)✓MungerPASS (2/4)✗PabraiFAIL (0/3)✗AkreFAIL (1/6)✗MarksFAIL (0/5)✗AckmanFAIL (3/9)✗TempletonFAIL (3/8)✗SleepFAIL (0/6)✗AsnessFAIL (Rank #2054/2370 (Top 86.7%))✗NeffFAIL (0/6)✗SchlossFAIL (1/7)•OshaughnessyNEUTRAL (Not ranked)
• Cash Flow10% pass✓ 1✗ 11▾

  9 of 10 flag PAVM's cash flow — Lynch, Piotroski, Dreman +6 more

  Free Cash Flow Proxy$0.5M

  ✓BuffettPositive and growing

  FCF Positive and Growing$-7.8M

  ✗LynchPositive and growing

  Operating Cash Flow$-5.2M

  ✗PiotroskiCFO > 0

  (CFO / Total Assets) vs ROACFO/Assets=-13.41%, ROA=1.03%

  ✗PiotroskiCFO/Assets > ROA

  Price / (CFO / Shares)

  ✗Dreman< 8x

  P/E or FCF YieldFCF Yield=-40.2%

  ✗PabraiP/E < 15 or FCF Yield > 10%

  FCF Positive0/10 years FCF positive

  ✗MarksPositive FCF in majority of recent years

  (OCF - CapEx) / Market Cap

  ✗Ackman>= 4%

  Price / FCF per Share

  ✗Ackman<= 25

  Positive Operating Cash Flow frequency0/11 years positive

  ✗SleepPositive OCF in >= 70% of available years

  Operating Cash Flow - Capital Expenditures$-7.8M

  ✗Neff> $0 (app proxy for a strong fundamental case)

  (Operating cash flow - capex) / market capitalization-59.71%; #3908/4519 (top 86.5%)

  ✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
• Debt & Leverage50% pass✓ 9✗ 6▾

  6 of 12 pass — Graham, Buffett, Lynch +3 more object

  LT Debt vs Net Current Assets

  ✗GrahamLT Debt <= Net Current Assets

  Debt/Equity & Interest CoverageD/E: 0.33, IC: -1038.4x

  ✗BuffettD/E < 0.5 AND Interest Coverage > 5x

  Total Debt / Equity0

  ✓Lynch< 0.33

  Cash - Long-term Debt

  ✗LynchPositive preferred

  LT Debt / Total Assets Change0.00% -> 0.00%

  ✓PiotroskiDecreased YoY

  Current Assets / Current Liabilities1.19

  ✗Dreman> 1.5✗SchlossCurrent ratio >= 1.50x (app cutoff)

  Total Debt / Shareholders' Equity0

  ✓Dreman< 0.8✓Templeton< 1.0 (fixed cap; proxy for below-sector-median leverage)✓SchlossD/E < 1.00x

  Debt Levels0

  ✓MungerDebt/Equity < 0.5✓AkreDebt/Equity < 0.3

  Interest Coverage & Debt/EBITDAIC=-1038.4x, D/EBITDA=N/A

  ✗MarksInterest Coverage > 3x; Debt/EBITDA < 4x

  Total Debt / Shareholders Equity0

  ✓Ackman<= 1.0

  Negative debt-to-equity (higher means less debt)-0.0000; #1/4210 (top 0.0%)

  ✓AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
• Valuation models50% pass✓ 1✗ 1▾

  Models split on PAVM at $1.63 — fair values range $1.11–$6.05

  Buffett fair value$6.05

  ✓Buffett+73.1% margin vs $1.63

  Pabrai fair value$1.11

  ✗Pabrai-46.8% margin vs $1.63