Erayak Power Solution Group Inc.

RAYA

Price: $0.48Market Cap: $518,780

Investment snapshot

6%positive consensus

Scored 1d ago

Positive

BUY / PASS

Neutral / negative

1 / 14

NEUTRAL / FAIL

Median fair value

$1657.52

+343071.8% vs price

Models with upside

1 / 17

Positive margin of safety

Strongest signal

8 of 12 pass — Buffett, Lynch, Marks +1 more object

Key risk

No clean pass — all 16 investors flag at least one profitability criterion

Framework analysis

Verdict	Meaning
BUY	Positive purchase signal: the framework's buy requirements are met.
PASS	The company clears the framework's checklist or screen, but the framework does not produce a buy signal. For valuation frameworks this often means margin of safety is missing, insufficient, or unavailable; some screen-only frameworks have no intrinsic-value BUY state.
NEUTRAL	Neither a positive nor negative conclusion. It does not mean to hold an existing position.
FAIL	The company does not clear the framework's requirements.
Ranked	Ranked strategies do not use PASS: selected cohort is BUY, outside the cohort is FAIL, and unranked is NEUTRAL.

Current investor scores use trailing 12-month flows and the latest balance sheet where supported. Multi-year and EPS tests retain annual history; each framework shows its financial basis below. Intrinsic values use annual financials.

Metric	Graham Defensive Value	Buffett Quality Compounder	Lynch GARP	Greenblatt Magic Formula	Piotroski F-Score	Dreman Contrarian Value	Munger Quality Focus	Pabrai Dhandho Framework	Akre Three-Legged Stool	Marks Risk-Aware Value	Ackman Activist Value	Templeton Global Bargain Hunter	Sleep Scale Economies Shared	Asness Systematic Factors	Neff Low-P/E Total Return	Schloss Asset-Value Discipline	O'Shaughnessy Systematic Factor Composite
Verdict	FAIL	FAIL	FAIL	FAIL · Rank #2286 (Top 73.8%)	FAIL	FAIL	PASS	FAIL	FAIL	FAIL	FAIL	FAIL	FAIL	FAIL	FAIL	FAIL	NEUTRAL
Score
Analysis	Checking access…	Checking access…	Checking access…	Checking access…	Checking access…	Checking access…	Checking access…	Checking access…	Checking access…	Checking access…	Checking access…	Checking access…	Checking access…	Checking access…	Checking access…	Checking access…	Checking access…
Intrinsic Value (annual)	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A		N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Margin of Safety	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	+100.0%	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Financial Basis	Annual history · FY 2025 Latest source filing: 2026-04-29 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 Latest source filing: 2026-04-29 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 Latest source filing: 2026-04-29 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 Latest source filing: 2026-04-29 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 Latest source filing: 2026-04-29 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 · Market data at 2026-11-01 Latest source filing: 2026-04-29 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Qualitative assessment · Annual history · FY 2025 Latest source filing: 2026-04-29 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Qualitative assessment · Annual history · FY 2025 Latest source filing: 2026-04-29 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 · Qualitative assessment Latest source filing: 2026-04-29 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 · Qualitative assessment Latest source filing: 2026-04-29 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 · Market data at 2026-11-01 Latest source filing: 2026-04-29 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 · Price history 2025-01-01–2026-11-01 Latest source filing: 2026-04-29 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 · Qualitative assessment Latest source filing: 2026-04-29 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 · Price history 2025-01-01–2026-11-01 Latest source filing: 2026-04-29 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 Latest source filing: 2026-04-29 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 Latest source filing: 2026-04-29 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 · Price history 2025-01-01–2026-11-01 Latest source filing: 2026-04-29 Score computed: 2026-11-14

Where It Passes

Debt & Leverage67% pass✓ 11✗ 4▾
8 of 12 pass — Buffett, Lynch, Marks +1 more object
LT Debt vs Net Current AssetsLT Debt $3.4M vs NCA $22.6M
✓GrahamLT Debt <= Net Current Assets
Debt/Equity & Interest CoverageD/E: 0.12, IC: -34.2x
✗BuffettD/E < 0.5 AND Interest Coverage > 5x
Total Debt / Equity0.12
✓Lynch< 0.33
Cash - Long-term Debt$-3.0M
✗LynchPositive preferred
LT Debt / Total Assets Change8.50% -> 5.73%
✓PiotroskiDecreased YoY
Current Assets / Current Liabilities2.09
✓Dreman> 1.5✓SchlossCurrent ratio >= 1.50x (app cutoff)
Total Debt / Shareholders' Equity0.12
✓Dreman< 0.8✓Templeton< 1.0 (fixed cap; proxy for below-sector-median leverage)✓SchlossD/E < 1.00x
Debt Levels0.12
✓MungerDebt/Equity < 0.5✓AkreDebt/Equity < 0.3
Interest Coverage & Debt/EBITDA
✗MarksInterest Coverage > 3x; Debt/EBITDA < 4x
Total Debt / Shareholders Equity0.12
✓Ackman<= 1.0
Negative debt-to-equity (higher means less debt)-0.1187; #1367/4210 (top 32.5%)
✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section

Where It Falls Short

Profitability0% pass✓ 2✗ 33▾
No clean pass — all 16 investors flag at least one profitability criterion
Positive EPS (10 years)0/7 years positive
✗GrahamPositive EPS every year for 10 years
EPS Growth (3-yr avg, 10-yr window)
✗Graham>= 33% growth
Net Income Positive (10+ years)4/7 years positive
✗BuffettPositive every year for 10+ years
ROE (up to 5-year arithmetic mean)13.0%
✗Buffett> 15% arithmetic mean (app rule)
Operating Margin (10-yr trend)-7.2% (latest)
✗BuffettStable or rising over 10 years
Free Cash Flow Proxy$-6.1M
✗BuffettPositive and growing
Earnings Variance (10-yr CoV)
✗BuffettCoV < 0.3
Retained Earnings Effectiveness
✗Buffett$1 retained -> > $1 market value created
Basic earnings-growth PEG (dividends excluded)
✗Lynch< 1.0 (ideally < 0.5)
3-5 Year EPS CAGR
✗Lynch15-30% (Fast Grower); > 0% to pass
ROE-3.9%
✗Lynch> 15%
EBIT / Enterprise Value-38.5%
✗Greenblatt> 10%
Earnings Yield + ROC AssessmentEY=-38.5%, ROC=-5.5%
✗GreenblattBoth EY > 10% and ROC > 25%
Net Income / Total Assets-2.34%
✗PiotroskiROA > 0
ROA Change YoY-2.42% -> -2.34% (delta: +0.09%)
✓PiotroskiCurrent ROA > Prior ROA
(CFO / Total Assets) vs ROACFO/Assets=-5.33%, ROA=-2.34%
✗PiotroskiCFO/Assets > ROA
Gross Margin Change YoY13.2% -> 21.3%
✓PiotroskiImproved YoY
Pre-Tax Income / Revenue-6.0%
✗Dreman>= 8%
Net Income / Shareholders' Equity-3.9%
✗Dreman> 12%
Margin of Safety
✗PabraiP/B < 1.5 or P/E < 15
Return on Equity-0.7% (3-yr avg)
✗AkreROE > 20% (3-year avg)
Discount to Intrinsic Value
✗Marks>= 20% below intrinsic value
Positive Net Income Frequency4/6 years positive
✗MarksPositive net income in >= 7 of last 10 years
Operating Income / Revenue-7.2%
✗Ackman>= 15%
Net Income / Shareholders Equity-3.9%
✗Ackman>= 15%
5-Year EPS CAGR
✗Templeton> 0% (5-year EPS CAGR)
Operating Margin Trend3.6% (2023) -> -7.2% (2025)
✗TempletonNon-negative operating-margin trend over 3 years
Revenue growth vs. gross and operating margin trendgross margin 24.7% -> 21.3%, operating margin 3.6% -> -7.2%
✗SleepRevenue rising; gross margin flat or falling; operating margin holding
Net income / market capitalization-267.92%; #5755/6340 (top 90.8%)
✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
Gross profit / total assets+8.19%; #2922/3702 (top 78.9%)
✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
Net income / positive book equity-3.94%; #3155/5226 (top 60.4%)
✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
Negative 5-year standard deviation of ROA-0.0660; #2925/5884 (top 49.7%)
✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
3-5 Year Diluted EPS CAGR
✗Neff7%-20% annualized
Positive Diluted-EPS Years
✗Schloss>= 70% positive over 5-10 observed years (app rule)
Valuation0% pass✓ 3✗ 25▾
No clean pass — all 13 investors flag at least one valuation criterion
Price / 3-yr avg EPS
✗Graham<= 15x
Price-to-Book Ratio
✗Graham<= 1.5x
P/E x P/B
✗Graham<= 22.5
Basic earnings-growth PEG (dividends excluded)
✗Lynch< 1.0 (ideally < 0.5)
EBIT / Enterprise Value-38.5%
✗Greenblatt> 10%
Earnings Yield + ROC AssessmentEY=-38.5%, ROC=-5.5%
✗GreenblattBoth EY > 10% and ROC > 25%
Price / EPS
✗Dreman< 12x✗Templeton< 12x (fixed ceiling; proxy for the market's cheapest 40%)
Price / (CFO / Shares)
✗Dreman< 8x
Price / Book Value per Share
✗Dreman< 1.2x✗Templeton< 1.5x✗SchlossP/B <= 0.80x (app cutoff)
Valuation Reasonableness
✗MungerP/E < 25 or Owner Earnings Yield > 5%
P/E or FCF YieldFCF Yield=-1620.2%
✗PabraiP/E < 15 or FCF Yield > 10%
P/B or P/E vs. Historical Average
✗MarksP/E < 15 or P/B < 2.0
Discount to Intrinsic Value
✗Marks>= 20% below intrinsic value
Price / FCF per Share
✗Ackman<= 25
Price vs. Trailing Low100% of trailing low ($0.48)
✓Templeton<= 120% of trailing low (certified split-adjusted live window)
Net income / market capitalization-267.92%; #5755/6340 (top 90.8%)
✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
Positive book equity / market capitalization+67.9785; #65/6449 (top 1.0%)
✓AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
Price / Diluted EPS
✗NeffP/E <= 15x (app proxy for a P/E 40%-60% below the market)
(EPS CAGR % + Dividend Yield %) / P/E
✗Neff> 0.7 (Neff's published traditional edge)
Price / Tangible Book Value per Share
✗SchlossP/TBV <= 1.00x (app cutoff)
Book Value per Share Change
✗SchlossLatest BVPS >= earliest BVPS over >= 3 years (app rule)
Revenue / market capitalization+44.0561; #127/5247 (top 2.4%)
✓OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
(Operating cash flow - capex) / market capitalization-1620.20%; #4429/4519 (top 98.0%)
✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
Trailing six-month price return through the evaluation date-87.05%; #5947/6202 (top 95.9%)
✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
Cash Flow0% pass✗ 12▾
All 10 investors flag RAYA's cash flow
Free Cash Flow Proxy$-6.1M
✗BuffettPositive and growing
FCF Positive and Growing$-8.4M
✗LynchPositive and growing
Operating Cash Flow$-3.2M
✗PiotroskiCFO > 0
(CFO / Total Assets) vs ROACFO/Assets=-5.33%, ROA=-2.34%
✗PiotroskiCFO/Assets > ROA
Price / (CFO / Shares)
✗Dreman< 8x
P/E or FCF YieldFCF Yield=-1620.2%
✗PabraiP/E < 15 or FCF Yield > 10%
FCF Positive2/6 years FCF positive
✗MarksPositive FCF in majority of recent years
(OCF - CapEx) / Market Cap
✗Ackman>= 4%
Price / FCF per Share
✗Ackman<= 25
Positive Operating Cash Flow frequency2/6 years positive
✗SleepPositive OCF in >= 70% of available years
Operating Cash Flow - Capital Expenditures$-8.4M
✗Neff> $0 (app proxy for a strong fundamental case)
(Operating cash flow - capex) / market capitalization-1620.20%; #4429/4519 (top 98.0%)
✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
Growth0% pass✓ 1✗ 12▾
No clean pass — all 8 investors flag at least one growth criterion
EPS Growth (3-yr avg, 10-yr window)
✗Graham>= 33% growth
Basic earnings-growth PEG (dividends excluded)
✗Lynch< 1.0 (ideally < 0.5)
3-5 Year EPS CAGR
✗Lynch15-30% (Fast Grower); > 0% to pass
Inventory Growth vs Revenue GrowthInv: 10.1% vs Rev: -24.6%
✗LynchInventory growth < Revenue growth
EPS Growth Direction
✗DremanPositive over recent years
EPS CAGR
✗Dreman> 5% annualized
Positive Net Income Frequency4/6 years positive
✗MarksPositive net income in >= 7 of last 10 years
3yr Median Revenue Growth-24.5%
✗Ackman>= 5%
Positive EPS Growth Frequency
✗AckmanPositive EPS growth in >= 3 of last 5 years
5-Year EPS CAGR
✗Templeton> 0% (5-year EPS CAGR)
Revenue growth vs. gross and operating margin trendgross margin 24.7% -> 21.3%, operating margin 3.6% -> -7.2%
✗SleepRevenue rising; gross margin flat or falling; operating margin holding
5-year Revenue CAGR10.1%
✓SleepCAGR > 7%
3-5 Year Diluted EPS CAGR
✗Neff7%-20% annualized
Verdicts6% pass✓ 1✗ 15▾
Split decision: 14 FAIL · 1 PASS · 1 NEUTRAL
Overall verdict
✗GrahamFAIL (2/9)✗BuffettFAIL (0/9)✗LynchFAIL (1/7)✗GreenblattRank #2286✗PiotroskiFAIL (F-Score 3)✗DremanFAIL (2/11)✓MungerPASS (2/4)✗PabraiFAIL (0/3)✗AkreFAIL (1/6)✗MarksFAIL (0/5)✗AckmanFAIL (2/9)✗TempletonFAIL (3/8)✗SleepFAIL (1/6)✗AsnessFAIL (Rank #1942/2370 (Top 81.9%))✗NeffFAIL (1/6)✗SchlossFAIL (2/7)•OshaughnessyNEUTRAL (Not ranked)
Efficiency25% pass✓ 2✗ 9▾
6 of 8 flag RAYA's efficiency — Buffett, Greenblatt, Piotroski +3 more
Current Ratio2.09
✓Graham>= 2.0
ROIC (3-5 yr avg)7.8%
✗Buffett> 10%
ROIC - WACC-2.2%
✗BuffettPositive (WACC = 10%)
EBIT / (NWC + Net Fixed Assets)-5.5%
✗Greenblatt> 25%
Current Ratio Change YoY2.13 -> 2.09
✗PiotroskiIncreased YoY
Revenue / Total Assets Change YoY0.66x -> 0.38x
✗PiotroskiImproved YoY
Current Assets / Current Liabilities2.09
✓Dreman> 1.5
Return on Invested Capital-3.3%
✗Munger> 15%
ROIC (high and growing)FY2023: ROIC=2.6%; FY2024: ROIC=-4.0%; FY2025: ROIC=-3.3%
✗AkreLatest 3 consecutive FYs: ROIC > 15% in each
Reinvestment Rate x ROICN/A (non-positive net income)
✗AkreReinvestment Rate * ROIC > 10%
ROIC (5-year)2/5 years above 12% (latest -3.3%)
✗SleepROIC > 12% in a majority of years

Business & financials

Financial snapshot: annual FY 2025. Current investor scores may use newer quarterly data.

Company Profile

Industry: Electrical Equipment

SIC Sector: Electronic & Electrical Equipment

Size: Micro Cap($518,780)

Revenue: $22.9M-24.6% YoY

Net Income: $1.4M-24.5% YoY

Financial Snapshot

Operating Margin-7.2%

Return on Equity-3.9%

Debt / Equity0.12

Current Ratio2.09

Similar Companies

GEGENERAL ELECTRIC CO

$342.9B

ABBNYABB LTD

$151.6B

EMREMERSON ELECTRIC CO

$91.3B

WWDWoodward, Inc.

$19.5B

Company Financials

Latest TTM and quarters alongside annual years

TTM sums four consecutive quarters and uses the latest quarter-end balances. Quarter columns show three-month results; annual columns show full-year totals. Growth compares the same period a year earlier. EPS is not added for TTM; full-year ratios are blank for quarters.

Metric	FY 2025 Sources 20-F · 2026-04-29	FY 2024 Sources 20-F · 2025-04-23	FY 2023 Sources 20-F · 2024-04-16	FY 2022 Sources 20-F · 2023-05-15	FY 2021 Sources 20-F · 2023-05-15
Market Cap	$518.8Kcurrent	--	--	--	--
Revenue	$22.9M↓25%	$30.3M↑49%	$20.3M↓24%	$26.9M↑44%	$18.6M
Operating Income	-$1.6M↓5%	-$1.6M↓310%	$741.2K↓82%	$4.1M↑17%	$3.5M
Net Income	-$1.4M↓25%	-$1.1M↓192%	$1.2M↓65%	$3.5M↑2%	$3.4M
EPS (Diluted)	--	--	--	--	--
Gross Margin	21.3%↑62%	13.2%↓47%	24.7%	24.6%↓20%	30.7%
Operating Margin	-7.2%↓40%	-5.1%↓241%	3.6%↓76%	15.1%↓19%	18.7%
ROE	-3.9%↑6%	-4.2%↓170%	6.0%↓66%	18.0%↓64%	49.2%
Total Debt	$4.2M↑3%	$4.1M↑94%	$2.1M↓54%	$4.6M↓3%	$4.7M
Shareholders' Equity	$35.3M↑33%	$26.6M↑32%	$20.2M↑4%	$19.3M↑181%	$6.9M
Current Ratio	2.09↓2%	2.13↑27%	1.67↑7%	1.56↑38%	1.14
Debt / Equity	0.12↓23%	0.15↑48%	0.10↓56%	0.24↓65%	0.68
Operating Cash Flow	-$3.2M↑80%	-$15.9M↓336%	$6.7M↑262%	-$4.2M↓189%	$4.6M
Free Cash Flow	-$8.4M↑49%	-$16.4M↓371%	$6.0M↑225%	-$4.8M↓210%	$4.4M

Score history

Historical Score Timeline

Industry peers

Industry Peers

Similar companies in Electrical Equipment

RAYA vs Peers — Financial Grading

Revenue$22.9MBottom 25%

Net Income$1.4MBottom 25%

ROE-3.9%Bottom 25%

D/E0.12Top 25%

Op. Margin-7.2%Bottom 25%

Curr. Ratio2.09Top 25%

Company	Market Cap	Price	Revenue	Net Income	ROE	D/E	Op. Margin	Curr. Ratio	Graham	Buffett	Lynch	Greenblatt	Piotroski	Dreman
GENERAL ELECTRIC COGE	$342.9B	$331.81	$45.9B	$8.7B	46.6%	1.10	18.6%	1.04	2/9	1/9	3/7	0/3	F-Score 5	3/11
ABB LTDABBNY	$151.6B	$83.75	$32.2B	$3.8B	28.5%	0.58	15.1%	1.18	1/9	4/9	4/7	1/3	F-Score 8	5/11
EMERSON ELECTRIC COEMR	$91.3B	$166.38	$18.0B	$2.3B	11.3%	0.65	—	0.88	4/9	3/9	2/7	0/3	F-Score 7	5/11
Woodward, Inc.WWD	$19.5B	$329.86	$3.6B	$442.1M	17.2%	0.23	—	2.08	3/9	2/9	5/7	1/3	F-Score 8	7/11
ACUITY INC. (DE)AYI	$9.9B	$330.53	$4.3B	$396.6M	14.6%	0.33	13.0%	1.95	3/9	6/9	6/7	1/3	F-Score 5	5/11
LITTELFUSE INC /DELFUS	$9.8B	$387.64	$2.4B	$71.7M	-3.0%	0.33	1.6%	2.69	5/9	2/9	4/7	0/3	F-Score 5	4/11
Forgent Power Solutions, Inc.FPS	$6.7B	$22.12	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
POWELL INDUSTRIES INCPOWL	$5.2B	$142.72	$1.1B	$180.7M	28.2%	—	19.7%	2.09	2/9	3/9	4/7	1/3	F-Score 6	5/11