Vroom, Inc.

VRM
Country: United StatesPrice: $6.95Market Cap: $36.7M

Investment snapshot

0%positive consensus
Scored 1d ago

Positive

0

BUY / PASS

Neutral / negative

3 / 13

NEUTRAL / FAIL

Median fair value

$168.40

+2323.0% vs price

Models with upside

2 / 17

Positive margin of safety

Strongest signal

VRM undervalued: all 2 models price fair value above $6.95 (median $168.40)

Key risk

All 12 investors flag VRM's debt & leverage

Framework analysis

VerdictMeaning
BUYPositive purchase signal: the framework's buy requirements are met.
PASSThe company clears the framework's checklist or screen, but the framework does not produce a buy signal. For valuation frameworks this often means margin of safety is missing, insufficient, or unavailable; some screen-only frameworks have no intrinsic-value BUY state.
NEUTRALNeither a positive nor negative conclusion. It does not mean to hold an existing position.
FAILThe company does not clear the framework's requirements.
RankedRanked strategies do not use PASS: selected cohort is BUY, outside the cohort is FAIL, and unranked is NEUTRAL.

Current investor scores use trailing 12-month flows and the latest balance sheet where supported. Multi-year and EPS tests retain annual history; each framework shows its financial basis below. Intrinsic values use annual financials.

MetricGraham

Defensive Value

Buffett

Quality Compounder

Lynch

GARP

Greenblatt

Magic Formula

Piotroski

F-Score

Dreman

Contrarian Value

Munger

Quality Focus

Pabrai

Dhandho Framework

Akre

Three-Legged Stool

Marks

Risk-Aware Value

Ackman

Activist Value

Templeton

Global Bargain Hunter

Sleep

Scale Economies Shared

Asness

Systematic Factors

Neff

Low-P/E Total Return

Schloss

Asset-Value Discipline

O'Shaughnessy

Systematic Factor Composite

VerdictFAILFAILFAILNot rankedFAILFAILFAILNEUTRALFAILFAILFAILFAILFAILNEUTRALFAILFAILNEUTRAL
Score
AnalysisChecking access…Checking access…Checking access…Checking access…Checking access…Checking access…Checking access…Checking access…Checking access…Checking access…Checking access…Checking access…Checking access…Checking access…Checking access…Checking access…Checking access…
Intrinsic Value (annual)N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
Margin of SafetyN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A+97.0%N/AN/AN/A+93.6%N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
Financial Basis

Annual history · FY 2025

Latest source filing: 2026-03-26

Score computed: 2026-11-14

Annual history · FY 2025 · TTM ended 2026-09-30

Latest source filing: 2026-11-10

Score computed: 2026-11-14

Annual history · FY 2025 · Balance sheet at 2026-09-30 · TTM ended 2026-09-30

Latest source filing: 2026-11-10

Score computed: 2026-11-14

Annual history · FY 2025

Latest source filing: 2026-03-26

Score computed: 2026-11-14

Annual history · FY 2025

Latest source filing: 2026-03-26

Score computed: 2026-11-14

Annual history · FY 2025 · TTM ended 2026-09-30 · Balance sheet at 2026-09-30 · Market data at 2026-11-01

Latest source filing: 2026-11-10

Score computed: 2026-11-14

Qualitative assessment · Annual history · FY 2025 · Balance sheet at 2026-09-30

Latest source filing: 2026-11-10

Score computed: 2026-11-14

Qualitative assessment · Annual history · FY 2025

Latest source filing: 2026-03-26

Score computed: 2026-11-14

Annual history · FY 2025 · Qualitative assessment · Balance sheet at 2026-09-30

Latest source filing: 2026-11-10

Score computed: 2026-11-14

Annual history · FY 2025 · TTM ended 2026-09-30 · Qualitative assessment

Latest source filing: 2026-11-10

Score computed: 2026-11-14

Annual history · FY 2025 · TTM ended 2026-09-30 · Balance sheet at 2026-09-30 · Market data at 2026-11-01

Latest source filing: 2026-11-10

Score computed: 2026-11-14

Annual history · FY 2025 · Price history 2025-02-01–2026-11-01 · Balance sheet at 2026-09-30

Latest source filing: 2026-11-10

Score computed: 2026-11-14

Annual history · FY 2025 · Qualitative assessment

Latest source filing: 2026-03-26

Score computed: 2026-11-14

TTM ended 2026-09-30 · Balance sheet at 2026-09-30 · Price history 2025-02-01–2026-11-01 · Annual history · FY 2025

Latest source filing: 2026-11-10

Score computed: 2026-11-14

Annual history · FY 2025 · TTM ended 2026-09-30

Latest source filing: 2026-11-10

Score computed: 2026-11-14

Annual history · FY 2025 · Balance sheet at 2026-09-30

Latest source filing: 2026-11-10

Score computed: 2026-11-14

Annual history · FY 2025 · TTM ended 2026-09-30 · Price history 2025-02-01–2026-11-01

Latest source filing: 2026-11-10

Score computed: 2026-11-14

Where It Passes

  • Valuation models100% pass✓ 2▾

    VRM undervalued: all 2 models price fair value above $6.95 (median $168.40)

    Munger fair value$228.66
    ✓Munger+97.0% margin vs $6.95
    Ackman fair value$108.14
    ✓Ackman+93.6% margin vs $6.95
  • Cash Flow70% pass✓ 9✗ 3▾

    7 of 10 pass — Buffett, Marks and Sleep object

    Free Cash Flow Proxy$-53.0M
    ✗BuffettPositive and growing
    FCF Positive and Growing$68.1M
    ✓LynchPositive and growing
    Operating Cash Flow$75.2M
    ✓PiotroskiCFO > 0
    (CFO / Total Assets) vs ROACFO/Assets=8.02%, ROA=-5.66%
    ✓PiotroskiCFO/Assets > ROA
    Price / (CFO / Shares)0.5x
    ✓Dreman< 8x
    P/E or FCF YieldFCF Yield=185.7%
    ✓PabraiP/E < 15 or FCF Yield > 10%
    FCF Positive1/8 years FCF positive
    ✗MarksPositive FCF in majority of recent years
    (OCF - CapEx) / Market Cap203.6%
    ✓Ackman>= 4%
    Price / FCF per Share0.5x
    ✓Ackman<= 25
    Positive Operating Cash Flow frequency1/8 years positive
    ✗SleepPositive OCF in >= 70% of available years
    Operating Cash Flow - Capital Expenditures$73.7M
    ✓Neff> $0 (app proxy for a strong fundamental case)
    (Operating cash flow - capex) / market capitalization+200.98%; #39/4519 (top 0.9%)
    ✓OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section

Where It Falls Short

  • Debt & Leverage0% pass✗ 15▾

    All 12 investors flag VRM's debt & leverage

    LT Debt vs Net Current Assets
    ✗GrahamLT Debt <= Net Current Assets
    Debt/Equity & Interest CoverageD/E: 4.56, IC: -8.4x
    ✗BuffettD/E < 0.5 AND Interest Coverage > 5x
    Total Debt / Equity4.56
    ✗Lynch< 0.33
    Cash - Long-term Debt$-382.0M
    ✗LynchPositive preferred
    LT Debt / Total Assets Change38.29% -> 45.15%
    ✗PiotroskiDecreased YoY
    Current Assets / Current Liabilities
    ✗Dreman> 1.5✗SchlossCurrent ratio >= 1.50x (app cutoff)
    Total Debt / Shareholders' Equity4.56
    ✗Dreman< 0.8✗Templeton< 1.0 (fixed cap; proxy for below-sector-median leverage)✗SchlossD/E < 1.00x
    Debt Levels4.56
    ✗MungerDebt/Equity < 0.5✗AkreDebt/Equity < 0.3
    Interest Coverage & Debt/EBITDAIC=-8.4x, D/EBITDA=N/A
    ✗MarksInterest Coverage > 3x; Debt/EBITDA < 4x
    Total Debt / Shareholders Equity4.56
    ✗Ackman<= 1.0
    Negative debt-to-equity (higher means less debt)-4.5567; #4062/4210 (top 96.5%)
    ✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
  • Growth0% pass✓ 1✗ 12▾

    No clean pass — all 8 investors flag at least one growth criterion

    EPS Growth (3-yr avg, 10-yr window)
    ✗Graham>= 33% growth
    Basic earnings-growth PEG (dividends excluded)
    ✗Lynch< 1.0 (ideally < 0.5)
    3-5 Year EPS CAGR
    ✗Lynch15-30% (Fast Grower); > 0% to pass
    Inventory Growth vs Revenue GrowthN/A (no inventory)
    ✓LynchInventory growth < Revenue growth
    EPS Growth Direction
    ✗DremanPositive over recent years
    EPS CAGR
    ✗Dreman> 5% annualized
    Positive Net Income Frequency0/8 years positive
    ✗MarksPositive net income in >= 7 of last 10 years
    3yr Median Revenue Growth-54.2%
    ✗Ackman>= 5%
    Positive EPS Growth Frequency
    ✗AckmanPositive EPS growth in >= 3 of last 5 years
    5-Year EPS CAGR
    ✗Templeton> 0% (5-year EPS CAGR)
    Revenue growth vs. gross and operating margin trend
    ✗SleepRevenue rising; gross margin flat or falling; operating margin holding
    5-year Revenue CAGR
    ✗SleepCAGR > 7%
    3-5 Year Diluted EPS CAGR
    ✗Neff7%-20% annualized
  • Efficiency0% pass✗ 11▾

    All 8 investors flag VRM's efficiency

    Current Ratio
    ✗Graham>= 2.0
    ROIC (3-5 yr avg)-44.8%
    ✗Buffett> 10%
    ROIC - WACC-54.8%
    ✗BuffettPositive (WACC = 10%)
    EBIT / (NWC + Net Fixed Assets)
    ✗Greenblatt> 25%
    Current Ratio Change YoY
    ✗PiotroskiIncreased YoY
    Revenue / Total Assets Change YoY
    ✗PiotroskiImproved YoY
    Current Assets / Current Liabilities
    ✗Dreman> 1.5
    Return on Invested Capital
    ✗Munger> 15%
    ROIC (high and growing)FY2023: ROIC=-28.3%; FY2024: ROIC=unavailable; FY2025: ROIC=unavailable
    ✗AkreLatest 3 consecutive FYs: ROIC > 15% in each
    Reinvestment Rate x ROIC
    ✗AkreReinvestment Rate * ROIC > 10%
    ROIC (5-year)0/3 years above 12% (latest -28.3%)
    ✗SleepROIC > 12% in a majority of years
  • Verdicts0% pass✗ 13▾

    Split decision: 13 FAIL · 3 NEUTRAL

    Overall verdict
    ✗GrahamFAIL (1/9)✗BuffettFAIL (0/9)✗LynchFAIL (2/7)•GreenblattNot ranked✗PiotroskiFAIL (F-Score 3)✗DremanFAIL (2/11)✗MungerFAIL (1/4)•PabraiNEUTRAL (2/3)✗AkreFAIL (0/6)✗MarksFAIL (1/5)✗AckmanFAIL (2/9)✗TempletonFAIL (3/8)✗SleepFAIL (1/6)•AsnessNEUTRAL (Not ranked)✗NeffFAIL (2/6)✗SchlossFAIL (2/7)•OshaughnessyNEUTRAL (Not ranked)
  • Profitability6% pass✓ 3✗ 32▾

    15 of 16 flag VRM's profitability — Graham, Buffett, Lynch +12 more

    Positive EPS (10 years)0/9 years positive
    ✗GrahamPositive EPS every year for 10 years
    EPS Growth (3-yr avg, 10-yr window)
    ✗Graham>= 33% growth
    Net Income Positive (10+ years)0/9 years positive
    ✗BuffettPositive every year for 10+ years
    ROE (up to 5-year arithmetic mean)-113.2%
    ✗Buffett> 15% arithmetic mean (app rule)
    Operating Margin (10-yr trend)-30.3% (latest)
    ✗BuffettStable or rising over 10 years
    Free Cash Flow Proxy$-53.0M
    ✗BuffettPositive and growing
    Earnings Variance (10-yr CoV)
    ✗BuffettCoV < 0.3
    Retained Earnings Effectiveness
    ✗Buffett$1 retained -> > $1 market value created
    Basic earnings-growth PEG (dividends excluded)
    ✗Lynch< 1.0 (ideally < 0.5)
    3-5 Year EPS CAGR
    ✗Lynch15-30% (Fast Grower); > 0% to pass
    ROE-43.6%
    ✗Lynch> 15%
    EBIT / Enterprise Value-11.3%
    ✗Greenblatt> 10%
    Earnings Yield + ROC AssessmentEY=-11.3%, ROC=None
    ✗GreenblattBoth EY > 10% and ROC > 25%
    Net Income / Total Assets-5.66%
    ✗PiotroskiROA > 0
    ROA Change YoY-17.28% -> -5.66% (delta: +11.62%)
    ✓PiotroskiCurrent ROA > Prior ROA
    (CFO / Total Assets) vs ROACFO/Assets=8.02%, ROA=-5.66%
    ✓PiotroskiCFO/Assets > ROA
    Gross Margin Change YoY
    ✗PiotroskiImproved YoY
    Pre-Tax Income / Revenue
    ✗Dreman>= 8%
    Net Income / Shareholders' Equity-43.6%
    ✗Dreman> 12%
    Margin of SafetyP/B=0.3x
    ✓PabraiP/B < 1.5 or P/E < 15
    Return on Equity-143.8% (3-yr avg)
    ✗AkreROE > 20% (3-year avg)
    Discount to Intrinsic Value
    ✗Marks>= 20% below intrinsic value
    Positive Net Income Frequency0/8 years positive
    ✗MarksPositive net income in >= 7 of last 10 years
    Operating Income / Revenue
    ✗Ackman>= 15%
    Net Income / Shareholders Equity-43.6%
    ✗Ackman>= 15%
    5-Year EPS CAGR
    ✗Templeton> 0% (5-year EPS CAGR)
    Operating Margin Trend
    ✗TempletonNon-negative operating-margin trend over 3 years
    Revenue growth vs. gross and operating margin trend
    ✗SleepRevenue rising; gross margin flat or falling; operating margin holding
    Net income / market capitalization-108.23%; #5423/6340 (top 85.5%)
    ✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
    Gross profit / total assets
    ✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
    Net income / positive book equity-43.57%; #4131/5226 (top 79.0%)
    ✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
    Negative 5-year standard deviation of ROA-0.0776; #3160/5884 (top 53.7%)
    ✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
    3-5 Year Diluted EPS CAGR
    ✗Neff7%-20% annualized
    Positive Diluted-EPS Years0/8 years positive
    ✗Schloss>= 70% positive over 5-10 observed years (app rule)
  • Valuation15% pass✓ 12✗ 16▾

    11 of 13 flag VRM's valuation — Graham, Lynch, Greenblatt +8 more

    Price / 3-yr avg EPS
    ✗Graham<= 15x
    Price-to-Book Ratio0.3x
    ✓Graham<= 1.5x
    P/E x P/B
    ✗Graham<= 22.5
    Basic earnings-growth PEG (dividends excluded)
    ✗Lynch< 1.0 (ideally < 0.5)
    EBIT / Enterprise Value-11.3%
    ✗Greenblatt> 10%
    Earnings Yield + ROC AssessmentEY=-11.3%, ROC=None
    ✗GreenblattBoth EY > 10% and ROC > 25%
    Price / EPS
    ✗Dreman< 12x✗Templeton< 12x (fixed ceiling; proxy for the market's cheapest 40%)
    Price / (CFO / Shares)0.5x
    ✓Dreman< 8x
    Price / Book Value per Share0.3x
    ✓Dreman< 1.2x✓Templeton< 1.5x✓SchlossP/B <= 0.80x (app cutoff)
    Valuation ReasonablenessOE Yield=-156.9%
    ✗MungerP/E < 25 or Owner Earnings Yield > 5%
    P/E or FCF YieldFCF Yield=185.7%
    ✓PabraiP/E < 15 or FCF Yield > 10%
    P/B or P/E vs. Historical AverageP/B=0.3x
    ✓MarksP/E < 15 or P/B < 2.0
    Discount to Intrinsic Value
    ✗Marks>= 20% below intrinsic value
    Price / FCF per Share0.5x
    ✓Ackman<= 25
    Price vs. Trailing Low100% of trailing low ($6.95)
    ✓Templeton<= 120% of trailing low (certified split-adjusted live window)
    Net income / market capitalization-108.23%; #5423/6340 (top 85.5%)
    ✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
    Positive book equity / market capitalization+2.4840; #550/6449 (top 8.5%)
    ✓AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
    Price / Diluted EPS
    ✗NeffP/E <= 15x (app proxy for a P/E 40%-60% below the market)
    (EPS CAGR % + Dividend Yield %) / P/E
    ✗Neff> 0.7 (Neff's published traditional edge)
    Price / Tangible Book Value per Share0.35x
    ✓SchlossP/TBV <= 1.00x (app cutoff)
    Book Value per Share Change
    ✗SchlossLatest BVPS >= earliest BVPS over >= 3 years (app rule)
    Revenue / market capitalization
    ✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
    (Operating cash flow - capex) / market capitalization+200.98%; #39/4519 (top 0.9%)
    ✓OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
    Trailing six-month price return through the evaluation date-41.10%; #4844/6202 (top 78.1%)
    ✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section

Business & financials

Financial snapshot: annual FY 2025. Current investor scores may use newer quarterly data.

Company Profile

Industry: Retail
SIC Sector: Auto Dealers & Gas Stations
Size: Micro Cap($36.7M)
Revenue: N/A
Net Income: $53.0M+67.9% YoY

Financial Snapshot

Operating Margin--
Return on Equity-45.5%
Debt / Equity3.63
Current Ratio--
EPS (Diluted)$-10.24

Similar Companies

COSTCOSTCO WHOLESALE CORP /NEW
$490.2B
HDHOME DEPOT, INC.
$347.9B
TJXTJX COMPANIES INC /DE/
$148.4B
FASTFASTENAL CO
$63.3B

Company Financials

Latest TTM and quarters alongside annual years

TTM sums four consecutive quarters and uses the latest quarter-end balances. Quarter columns show three-month results; annual columns show full-year totals. Growth compares the same period a year earlier. EPS is not added for TTM; full-year ratios are blank for quarters.

The latest annual period end is unavailable. Showing the latest fiscal cycle’s quarters; quarter and annual columns may overlap. Quarterly shows the full quarter history.

MetricTTM · 2026-09-30

2025-10-01 – 2026-09-30

Sources · derived quarter values

Derived from cumulative filings: net income, pre tax income, interest expense, operating cash flow, depreciation amortization, capex.

Q3 FY 2026

2026-07-01 – 2026-09-30

Sources · derived quarter values

Derived from cumulative filings: operating cash flow, depreciation amortization, capex.

Q2 FY 2026

2026-04-01 – 2026-06-30

Sources · derived quarter values

Derived from cumulative filings: operating cash flow, depreciation amortization, capex.

Q1 FY 2026

2026-01-01 – 2026-03-31

Sources
FY 2025
Sources
  • 10-K · 2026-03-26
FY 2024
Sources
  • 10-K · 2025-03-11
FY 2023
Sources
  • 10-K · 2024-03-13
FY 2022
Sources
  • 10-K · 2023-03-02
FY 2021
Sources
  • 10-K · 2022-03-01
Market Cap$36.7Mcurrent------$100.3Mest.$48.4Mest.------
Revenue------------$893.2M↓54%$1.9B↓39%$3.2B
Operating Income-------------$270.2M↑53%-$571.8M↓59%-$358.6M
Net Income-$39.7M-$9.8M↑63%$628.0K↑107%-$19.1M↓200%-$53.0M↑68%-$165.1M↑55%-$364.6M↑19%-$451.9M↓22%-$370.9M
EPS (Diluted)--$-2.01↑61%$-0.01↑99%$-3.77↓207%$-10.24↑89%$-91.07↑57%$-209.70↓6293%$-3.28↓21%$-2.72
Gross Margin——————18.1%↑44%12.6%↑98%6.3%
Operating Margin——————-30.3%↓3%-29.3%↓160%-11.3%
ROE-43.6%———-45.5%↑55%-100.4%↑65%-285.6%↓203%-94.2%↓132%-40.5%
Total Debt$415.0M$415.0M↓16%$489.4M↓13%$578.0M↓12%$423.2M↑16%$366.0M↓42%$626.6M↑39%$449.4M↓60%$1.1B
Shareholders' Equity$91.1M$91.1M↓28%$99.8M↓34%$98.4M↓38%$116.6M↓29%$164.5M↑29%$127.7M↓73%$479.8M↓48%$915.2M
Current Ratio——————1.11↓36%1.73↓32%2.54
Debt / Equity4.564.56↑17%4.90↑32%5.87↑42%3.63↑63%2.22↓55%4.91↑424%0.94↓24%1.23
Operating Cash Flow$79.4M$21.2M↑9%$18.6M↑5%$18.4M↑9%$75.2M↑177%-$97.0M↑82%-$533.7M↓389%-$109.1M↑81%-$568.7M
Free Cash Flow$73.7M$19.9M↑16%$17.3M↑8%$16.9M↑10%$68.1M↑168%-$100.5M↑81%-$536.3M↓302%-$133.3M↑78%-$597.1M

Score history

Historical Score Timeline

Industry peers

Industry Peers

Similar companies in Retail

VRM vs Peers — Financial Grading

RevenueN/A
Net Income$53.0MBottom 25%
ROE-45.5%Bottom 25%
D/E3.63Bottom 25%
Op. Margin—
Curr. Ratio—
CompanyMarket CapPriceRevenueNet IncomeROED/EOp. MarginCurr. RatioGrahamBuffettLynchGreenblattPiotroskiDreman
COSTCO WHOLESALE CORP /NEWCOST$490.2B$1106.21$275.2B$8.1B27.8%0.203.8%1.032/95/96/71/3F-Score 63/11
HOME DEPOT, INC.HD$347.9B$348.69$164.7B$14.2B110.5%4.0012.7%1.063/95/93/71/3F-Score 43/11
TJX COMPANIES INC /DE/TJX$148.4B$134.37$60.4B$5.5B53.9%0.28—1.143/96/97/71/3F-Score 74/11
FASTENAL COFAST$63.3B$55.19$8.2B$1.3B31.9%0.0320.2%4.854/97/95/71/3F-Score 75/11
AUTOZONE INCAZO$52.5B$3259.70$18.9B$2.5B-73.2%-2.6119.1%0.883/96/92/71/3F-Score 64/11
KROGER COKR$41.8B$70.80$147.6B$1.0B17.1%2.681.3%0.803/94/93/70/3F-Score 73/11
WILLIAMS SONOMA INCWSM$29.9B$254.05$7.8B$1.1B52.3%—18.1%1.393/96/93/71/3F-Score 53/11
CASEYS GENERAL STORES INCCASY$26.3B$712.08$17.6B$714.4M18.1%0.62—1.013/93/92/70/3F-Score 93/11