APARTMENT INVESTMENT & MANAGEMENT CO

AIV

Apartment Investment and Management Company is a diversified real estate company primarily focused on value add and opportunistic investments, targeting the U.S. multifamily sector. Aimco's mission is to make real estate investments where outcomes are enhanced through our human capital so that substantial value is created for investors, teammates, and the communities in which we operate.

About the company

Country: United StatesPrice: $1.45Market Cap: $224.6M

Investment snapshot

24%positive consensus

Scored 1d ago

Positive

BUY / PASS

Neutral / negative

5 / 7

NEUTRAL / FAIL

Median fair value

$9.80

+575.9% vs price

Models with upside

5 / 17

Positive margin of safety

Strongest signal

AIV undervalued: all 5 models price fair value above $1.45 (median $9.80)

Key risk

All 12 investors flag AIV's debt & leverage

Framework analysis

Verdict	Meaning
BUY	Positive purchase signal: the framework's buy requirements are met.
PASS	The company clears the framework's checklist or screen, but the framework does not produce a buy signal. For valuation frameworks this often means margin of safety is missing, insufficient, or unavailable; some screen-only frameworks have no intrinsic-value BUY state.
NEUTRAL	Neither a positive nor negative conclusion. It does not mean to hold an existing position.
FAIL	The company does not clear the framework's requirements.
Ranked	Ranked strategies do not use PASS: selected cohort is BUY, outside the cohort is FAIL, and unranked is NEUTRAL.

Current investor scores use trailing 12-month flows and the latest balance sheet where supported. Multi-year and EPS tests retain annual history; each framework shows its financial basis below. Intrinsic values use annual financials.

Metric	Graham Defensive Value	Buffett Quality Compounder	Lynch GARP	Greenblatt Magic Formula	Piotroski F-Score	Dreman Contrarian Value	Munger Quality Focus	Pabrai Dhandho Framework	Akre Three-Legged Stool	Marks Risk-Aware Value	Ackman Activist Value	Templeton Global Bargain Hunter	Sleep Scale Economies Shared	Asness Systematic Factors	Neff Low-P/E Total Return	Schloss Asset-Value Discipline	O'Shaughnessy Systematic Factor Composite
Verdict	PASS	FAIL	FAIL	Not ranked	PASS	FAIL	PASS	NEUTRAL	FAIL	NEUTRAL	PASS	NEUTRAL	FAIL	NEUTRAL	FAIL	FAIL	NEUTRAL
Score
Analysis	Checking access…	Checking access…	Checking access…	Checking access…	Checking access…	Checking access…	Checking access…	Checking access…	Checking access…	Checking access…	Checking access…	Checking access…	Checking access…	Checking access…	Checking access…	Checking access…	Checking access…
Intrinsic Value (annual)		N/A	N/A		N/A		N/A			N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Margin of Safety	+90.3%	N/A	N/A	+71.9%	N/A	+85.2%	N/A	+94.4%	+4.0%	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Financial Basis	Annual history · FY 2025 Latest source filing: 2026-03-02 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 Latest source filing: 2026-03-02 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 Latest source filing: 2026-03-02 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 Latest source filing: 2026-03-02 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 Latest source filing: 2026-03-02 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 · Market data at 2026-11-01 Latest source filing: 2026-03-02 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Qualitative assessment · Annual history · FY 2025 Latest source filing: 2026-03-02 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Qualitative assessment · Annual history · FY 2025 Latest source filing: 2026-03-02 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 · Qualitative assessment Latest source filing: 2026-03-02 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 · Qualitative assessment Latest source filing: 2026-03-02 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 · Market data at 2026-11-01 Latest source filing: 2026-03-02 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 · Price history 2025-01-01–2026-11-01 Latest source filing: 2026-03-02 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 · Qualitative assessment Latest source filing: 2026-03-02 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 · Price history 2025-01-01–2026-11-01 Latest source filing: 2026-03-02 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 Latest source filing: 2026-03-02 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 Latest source filing: 2026-03-02 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 · Price history 2025-01-01–2026-11-01 Latest source filing: 2026-03-02 Score computed: 2026-11-14

Where It Passes

Valuation models100% pass✓ 5▾
AIV undervalued: all 5 models price fair value above $1.45 (median $9.80)
Graham fair value$14.99
✓Graham+90.3% margin vs $1.45
Greenblatt fair value$5.16
✓Greenblatt+71.9% margin vs $1.45
Dreman fair value$9.80
✓Dreman+85.2% margin vs $1.45
Pabrai fair value$25.87
✓Pabrai+94.4% margin vs $1.45
Akre fair value$1.51
✓Akre+4.0% margin vs $1.45
Valuation69% pass✓ 18✗ 7▾
9 of 13 pass — Greenblatt, Dreman, Schloss +1 more object
Price / FFO per Share0.6x
✓Graham<= 15x✓Dreman< 12x✓Ackman<= 25
Basic earnings-growth PEG (dividends excluded)0.00
✓Lynch< 1.0 (ideally < 0.5)
EBIT / Enterprise Value7.7%
✗Greenblatt> 10%
Earnings Yield + ROC AssessmentEY=7.7%, ROC=None
✗GreenblattBoth EY > 10% and ROC > 25%
Price / (CFO / Shares)25.1x
✗Dreman< 8x
Valuation ReasonablenessP/E=0.4x, OE Yield=297.9%
✓MungerP/E < 25 or Owner Earnings Yield > 5%
P/FFO or FFO YieldP/FFO=0.6x, FFO Yield=164.0%
✓PabraiP/FFO < 15 or FFO Yield > 10%
P/B or P/E vs. Historical AverageP/E=0.4x, P/B=0.6x
✓MarksP/E < 15 or P/B < 2.0
Discount to Intrinsic Value85.2% (IV=$9.80 vs Price=$1.45)
✓Marks>= 20% below intrinsic value
Price / EPS0.4x
✓Templeton< 12x (fixed ceiling; proxy for the market's cheapest 40%)
Price vs. Trailing Low100% of trailing low ($1.45)
✓Templeton<= 120% of trailing low (certified split-adjusted live window)
Price / Book Value per Share0.6x
✓Templeton< 1.5x✓SchlossP/B <= 0.80x (app cutoff)
Net income / market capitalization+243.60%; #56/6340 (top 0.9%)
✓AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section✓OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
Positive book equity / market capitalization+1.6110; #833/6449 (top 12.9%)
✓AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
Price / Diluted EPS0.4x
✓NeffP/E <= 15x (app proxy for a P/E 40%-60% below the market)
(EPS CAGR % + Dividend Yield %) / P/E810.36
✓Neff> 0.7 (Neff's published traditional edge)
Price / Tangible Book Value per Share0.58x
✓SchlossP/TBV <= 1.00x (app cutoff)
Book Value per Share Change-22.9%
✗SchlossLatest BVPS >= earliest BVPS over >= 3 years (app rule)
Revenue / market capitalization+0.6165; #2347/5247 (top 44.7%)
✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
(Operating cash flow - capex) / market capitalization
✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
Trailing six-month price return through the evaluation date-64.46%; #5505/6202 (top 88.8%)
✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section

Where It Falls Short

Debt & Leverage0% pass✗ 15▾
All 12 investors flag AIV's debt & leverage
LT Debt vs Net Current Assets
✗GrahamLT Debt <= Net Current Assets
Debt/Equity & Interest CoverageD/E: 2.04, IC: 0.7x
✗BuffettD/E < 0.5 AND Interest Coverage > 5x
Total Debt / Equity2.04
✗Lynch< 0.33
Cash - Long-term Debt$-343.7M
✗LynchPositive preferred
LT Debt / Total Assets Change42.40% -> 44.08%
✗PiotroskiDecreased YoY
Current Assets / Current Liabilities
✗Dreman> 1.5✗SchlossCurrent ratio >= 1.50x (app cutoff)
Total Debt / Shareholders' Equity2.04
✗Dreman< 0.8✗Templeton< 1.0 (fixed cap; proxy for below-sector-median leverage)✗SchlossD/E < 1.00x
Debt Levels2.04
✗MungerDebt/Equity < 0.5✗AkreDebt/Equity < 0.3
Interest Coverage & Debt/EBITDAIC=0.7x, D/EBITDA=7.3x
✗MarksInterest Coverage > 3x; Debt/EBITDA < 4x
Total Debt / Shareholders Equity2.04
✗Ackman<= 1.0
Negative debt-to-equity (higher means less debt)-2.0412; #3792/4210 (top 90.1%)
✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
Efficiency0% pass✓ 1✗ 10▾
No clean pass — all 8 investors flag at least one efficiency criterion
Current Ratio
✗Graham>= 2.0
ROIC (3-5 yr avg)4.6%
✗Buffett> 10%
ROIC - WACC-5.4%
✗BuffettPositive (WACC = 10%)
EBIT / (NWC + Net Fixed Assets)
✗Greenblatt> 25%
Current Ratio Change YoY
✗PiotroskiIncreased YoY
Revenue / Total Assets Change YoY0.07x -> 0.08x
✓PiotroskiImproved YoY
Current Assets / Current Liabilities
✗Dreman> 1.5
Return on Invested Capital
✗Munger> 15%
ROIC (high and growing)FY2023: ROIC=6.0%; FY2024: ROIC=9.8%; FY2025: ROIC=unavailable
✗AkreLatest 3 consecutive FYs: ROIC > 15% in each
Reinvestment Rate x ROIC
✗AkreReinvestment Rate * ROIC > 10%
ROIC (5-year)0/4 years above 12% (latest 9.8%)
✗SleepROIC > 12% in a majority of years
Cash Flow17% pass✓ 2✗ 5▾
5 of 6 flag AIV's cash flow — Buffett, Piotroski, Dreman +2 more
Free Cash Flow Proxy$29.9M
✗BuffettPositive and growing
Operating Cash Flow$8.1M
✓PiotroskiCFO > 0
(CFO / Total Assets) vs ROACFO/Assets=0.48%, ROA=32.65%
✗PiotroskiCFO/Assets > ROA
Price / (CFO / Shares)25.1x
✗Dreman< 8x
Positive Operating Cash Flow frequency26/26 years positive
✓SleepPositive OCF in >= 70% of available years
Operating Cash Flow - Capital Expenditures
✗Neff> $0 (app proxy for a strong fundamental case)
(Operating cash flow - capex) / market capitalization
✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
Profitability25% pass✓ 14✗ 21▾
12 of 16 flag AIV's profitability — Graham, Buffett, Greenblatt +9 more
Positive EPS (10 years)10/27 years positive
✗GrahamPositive EPS every year for 10 years
EPS Growth (3-yr avg, 10-yr window)
✗Graham>= 33% growth
Net Income Positive (10+ years)20/27 years positive
✗BuffettPositive every year for 10+ years
ROE (up to 5-year arithmetic mean)6.3%
✗Buffett> 15% arithmetic mean (app rule)
Operating Margin (10-yr trend)85.5% (latest)
✓BuffettStable or rising over 10 years
Free Cash Flow Proxy$29.9M
✗BuffettPositive and growing
Earnings Variance (10-yr CoV)
✗BuffettCoV < 0.3
Retained Earnings Effectiveness
✗Buffett$1 retained -> > $1 market value created
Basic earnings-growth PEG (dividends excluded)0.00
✓Lynch< 1.0 (ideally < 0.5)
3-5 Year EPS CAGR99.1%
✓Lynch15-30% (Fast Grower); > 0% to pass
ROE151.2%
✓Lynch> 15%
EBIT / Enterprise Value7.7%
✗Greenblatt> 10%
Earnings Yield + ROC AssessmentEY=7.7%, ROC=None
✗GreenblattBoth EY > 10% and ROC > 25%
Net Income / Total Assets32.65%
✓PiotroskiROA > 0
ROA Change YoY-5.31% -> 32.65% (delta: +37.97%)
✓PiotroskiCurrent ROA > Prior ROA
(CFO / Total Assets) vs ROACFO/Assets=0.48%, ROA=32.65%
✗PiotroskiCFO/Assets > ROA
Gross Margin Change YoY
✗PiotroskiImproved YoY
Pre-Tax Income / Revenue-11.4%
✗Dreman>= 8%
Net Income / Shareholders' Equity151.2%
✓Dreman> 12%
Margin of SafetyP/FFO=0.6x
✓PabraiP/FFO < 15
Return on Equity6.4% (3-yr avg)
✗AkreROE > 20% (3-year avg)
Discount to Intrinsic Value85.2% (IV=$9.80 vs Price=$1.45)
✓Marks>= 20% below intrinsic value
Positive Net Income Frequency20/27 years positive
✓MarksPositive net income in >= 7 of last 10 years
Operating Income / Revenue
✗Ackman>= 15%
Net Income / Shareholders Equity151.2%
✓Ackman>= 15%
5-Year EPS CAGR
✗Templeton> 0% (5-year EPS CAGR)
Operating Margin Trend
✗TempletonNon-negative operating-margin trend over 3 years
Revenue growth vs. gross and operating margin trend
✗SleepRevenue rising; gross margin flat or falling; operating margin holding
Net income / market capitalization+243.60%; #56/6340 (top 0.9%)
✓AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section✓OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
Gross profit / total assets
✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
Net income / positive book equity+151.21%; #43/5226 (top 0.8%)
✓AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
Negative 5-year standard deviation of ROA-0.1461; #3915/5884 (top 66.5%)
✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
3-5 Year Diluted EPS CAGR99.1% over 3 years
✗Neff7%-20% annualized
Positive Diluted-EPS Years6/10 years positive
✗Schloss>= 70% positive over 5-10 observed years (app rule)
Growth25% pass✓ 4✗ 9▾
6 of 8 flag AIV's growth — Graham, Dreman, Ackman +3 more
EPS Growth (3-yr avg, 10-yr window)
✗Graham>= 33% growth
Basic earnings-growth PEG (dividends excluded)0.00
✓Lynch< 1.0 (ideally < 0.5)
3-5 Year EPS CAGR99.1%
✓Lynch15-30% (Fast Grower); > 0% to pass
Inventory Growth vs Revenue GrowthN/A (no inventory)
✓LynchInventory growth < Revenue growth
EPS Growth Direction
✗DremanPositive over recent years
EPS CAGR
✗Dreman> 5% annualized
Positive Net Income Frequency20/27 years positive
✓MarksPositive net income in >= 7 of last 10 years
3yr Median Revenue Growth0.6%
✗Ackman>= 5%
Positive EPS Growth Frequency
✗AckmanPositive EPS growth in >= 3 of last 5 years
5-Year EPS CAGR
✗Templeton> 0% (5-year EPS CAGR)
Revenue growth vs. gross and operating margin trend
✗SleepRevenue rising; gross margin flat or falling; operating margin holding
5-year Revenue CAGR-1.8%
✗SleepCAGR > 7%
3-5 Year Diluted EPS CAGR99.1% over 3 years
✗Neff7%-20% annualized
Verdicts36% pass✓ 4✗ 7▾
Split decision: 7 FAIL · 5 NEUTRAL · 4 PASS
Overall verdict
✓GrahamPASS (3/7)✗BuffettFAIL (1/9)✗LynchFAIL (4/7)•GreenblattNot ranked✓PiotroskiPASS (F-Score 4)✗DremanFAIL (3/10)✓MungerPASS (2/4)•PabraiNEUTRAL (2/3)✗AkreFAIL (0/6)•MarksNEUTRAL (4/5)✓AckmanPASS (4/9)•TempletonNEUTRAL (5/8)✗SleepFAIL (1/6)•AsnessNEUTRAL (Not ranked)✗NeffFAIL (3/6)✗SchlossFAIL (3/7)•OshaughnessyNEUTRAL (Not ranked)

Business & financials

Financial snapshot: annual FY 2025. Current investor scores may use newer quarterly data.

Company Profile

Industry: Trading

SIC Sector: Holding & Investment Offices

Size: Micro Cap($224.6M)

Revenue: $138.5M+0.6% YoY

Net Income: $547.2M+626.2% YoY

Financial Snapshot

Operating Margin--

Return on Equity151.2%

Debt / Equity2.04

Current Ratio--

EPS (Diluted)$3.87

Buybacks (1y)$256.0K

Buybacks (2y)$39.2M

Shares Retired−2.8% / 0.3% 2y

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Sector-adjusted criteria: REIT

Depreciation distorts REIT earnings and book value, so FFO-based criteria replace P/E and free-cash-flow tests, and P/B tests are omitted.

Shareholder Return

Fiscal 2025

Issued 2.8% of shares last year, 0.3% over two.

Buybacks: $256.0K
Dividends: $415.6M

Company Financials

Latest TTM and quarters alongside annual years

TTM sums four consecutive quarters and uses the latest quarter-end balances. Quarter columns show three-month results; annual columns show full-year totals. Growth compares the same period a year earlier. EPS is not added for TTM; full-year ratios are blank for quarters.

The latest annual period end is unavailable. Showing the latest fiscal cycle’s quarters; quarter and annual columns may overlap. Quarterly shows the full quarter history.

Metric	TTM · 2025-12-31 2025-01-01 – 2025-12-31 Sources · derived quarter values 10-Q · 2025-05-08 10-Q · 2025-08-11 10-Q · 2025-11-10 10-K · 2026-03-02 Derived from cumulative filings: operating cash flow, dividends paid, buybacks, revenue, net income, pre tax income, interest expense, depreciation amortization.	Q1 FY 2026 2025-11-01 – 2026-01-31 Sources 10-Q · 2026-05-11	FY 2025 Sources 10-K · 2026-03-02	FY 2024 Sources 10-K · 2025-02-24	FY 2023 Sources 10-K · 2024-02-26	FY 2022 Sources 10-K · 2023-02-27	FY 2021 Sources 10-K · 2022-03-01
Market Cap	$224.6Mcurrent	--	$618.1Mest.	$617.7Mest.	$523.4Mest.	$551.5Mest.	$536.3Mest.
Revenue	$174.9M↓16%	$6.2M	$138.5M↑1%	$137.7M↑15%	$119.9M↓37%	$190.3M↑12%	$169.8M
Operating Income	--	$2.0M	--	$117.7M↑4%	$113.3M↓4%	$118.6M↑858%	-$15.6M
Net Income	$547.2M↑626%	-$7.7M	$547.2M↑626%	-$104.0M↑37%	-$166.2M↓323%	$74.6M↑1363%	-$5.9M
EPS (Diluted)	--	$-0.05	$3.87↑616%	$-0.75↑35%	$-1.16↓337%	$0.49↑1325%	$-0.04
Gross Margin	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Operating Margin	—	32.9%	—	85.5%↓10%	94.5%↑52%	62.3%↑776%	-9.2%
ROE	151.2%↑279%	—	151.2%↑279%	-84.6%↓78%	-47.5%↓449%	13.6%↑1254%	-1.2%
Total Debt	$738.6M↓31%	--	$738.6M↓11%	$829.7M↓28%	$1.1B↑9%	$1.0B↓11%	$1.2B
Shareholders' Equity	$361.9M↑194%	$388.8M	$361.9M↑194%	$123.0M↓65%	$349.7M↓36%	$547.9M↑9%	$500.6M
Current Ratio	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Debt / Equity	2.04↓77%	—	2.04↓70%	6.75↑106%	3.28↑72%	1.91↓19%	2.36
Operating Cash Flow	$8.1M↓83%	--	$8.1M↓83%	$47.0M↓7%	$50.5M↓75%	$204.2M↑1523%	$12.6M
Free Cash Flow	--	--	--	--	--	--	--

Score history

Historical Score Timeline

Industry peers

Industry Peers

Similar companies in Trading

AIV vs Peers — Financial Grading

Revenue$138.5MBottom 25%

Net Income$547.2MMedian

ROE151.2%Top 25%

D/E2.04Bottom 25%

Op. Margin—

Curr. Ratio—

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Ventas, Inc.VTR	$47.0B	$88.92	$5.8B	$261.5M	2.1%	1.04	3.5%	—	2/7	1/9	2/7	0/3	F-Score 6	2/10
RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL INCRJF	$32.4B	$168.64	$15.9B	$2.1B	17.1%	0.28	—	—	3/9	3/9	3/7	1/3	F-Score 6	4/11
ROYAL GOLD INCRGLD	$21.7B	$256.89	$1.0B	$466.3M	6.5%	0.13	61.9%	3.12	4/9	2/9	4/7	0/3	F-Score 4	4/11
iShares Ethereum Trust ETFETHA	$19.4B	$44.02	—	$2.3B	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
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LandBridge Co LLCLB	$5.6B	$73.15	$199.1M	$30.1M	8.9%	1.65	59.5%	4.87	2/9	3/9	2/7	0/3	F-Score 6	3/11
Digital Turbine, Inc.APPS	$927.6M	$7.61	$565.3M	$37.7M	-19.6%	1.88	6.0%	1.16	1/9	2/9	2/7	1/3	F-Score 7	0/11