Cheche Group Inc.

CCG

Cheche Group Inc. provides auto insurance transaction services.

About the company

Cheche Group Inc. provides auto insurance transaction services.

Country: ChinaPrice: $11.13Market Cap: $27.9M

Investment snapshot

6%positive consensus

Scored 1d ago

Positive

BUY / PASS

Neutral / negative

1 / 14

NEUTRAL / FAIL

Median fair value

—

No comparable estimates

Models with upside

0 / 16

Positive margin of safety

Strongest signal

6 of 11 pass — Buffett, Piotroski, Marks +2 more object

Key risk

No clean pass — all 15 investors flag at least one profitability criterion

Framework analysis

Verdict	Meaning
BUY	Positive purchase signal: the framework's buy requirements are met.
PASS	The company clears the framework's checklist or screen, but the framework does not produce a buy signal. For valuation frameworks this often means margin of safety is missing, insufficient, or unavailable; some screen-only frameworks have no intrinsic-value BUY state.
NEUTRAL	Neither a positive nor negative conclusion. It does not mean to hold an existing position.
FAIL	The company does not clear the framework's requirements.
Ranked	Ranked strategies do not use PASS: selected cohort is BUY, outside the cohort is FAIL, and unranked is NEUTRAL.

Current investor scores use trailing 12-month flows and the latest balance sheet where supported. Multi-year and EPS tests retain annual history; each framework shows its financial basis below. Intrinsic values use annual financials.

Metric	Graham Defensive Value	Buffett Quality Compounder	Lynch GARP	Piotroski F-Score	Dreman Contrarian Value	Munger Quality Focus	Pabrai Dhandho Framework	Akre Three-Legged Stool	Marks Risk-Aware Value	Ackman Activist Value	Templeton Global Bargain Hunter	Sleep Scale Economies Shared	Asness Systematic Factors	Neff Low-P/E Total Return	Schloss Asset-Value Discipline	O'Shaughnessy Systematic Factor Composite
Verdict	FAIL	FAIL	FAIL	FAIL	FAIL	FAIL	FAIL	FAIL	FAIL	FAIL	FAIL	FAIL	BUY	FAIL	FAIL	NEUTRAL
Score
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Intrinsic Value (annual)	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Margin of Safety	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Financial Basis	Annual history · FY 2025 Latest source filing: 2026-04-27 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 Latest source filing: 2026-04-27 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 Latest source filing: 2026-04-27 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 Latest source filing: 2026-04-27 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 · Market data at 2026-11-01 Latest source filing: 2026-04-27 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Qualitative assessment · Annual history · FY 2025 Latest source filing: 2026-04-27 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Qualitative assessment · Annual history · FY 2025 Latest source filing: 2026-04-27 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 · Qualitative assessment Latest source filing: 2026-04-27 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 · Qualitative assessment Latest source filing: 2026-04-27 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 · Market data at 2026-11-01 Latest source filing: 2026-04-27 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 · Price history 2025-01-01–2026-11-01 Latest source filing: 2026-04-27 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 · Qualitative assessment Latest source filing: 2026-04-27 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 · Price history 2025-01-01–2026-11-01 Latest source filing: 2026-04-27 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 Latest source filing: 2026-04-27 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 Latest source filing: 2026-04-27 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2025 · Price history 2025-01-01–2026-11-01 Latest source filing: 2026-04-27 Score computed: 2026-11-14

Where It Passes

Debt & Leverage55% pass✓ 8✗ 5▾
6 of 11 pass — Buffett, Piotroski, Marks +2 more object
Debt/Equity & Interest CoverageD/E: 0.28, IC: -9.2x
✗BuffettD/E < 0.5 AND Interest Coverage > 5x
Total Debt / Equity0.28
✓Lynch< 0.33
Cash - Long-term Debt$19.3M
✓LynchPositive preferred
LT Debt / Total Assets Change0.00% -> 0.66%
✗PiotroskiDecreased YoY
Total Debt / Shareholders' Equity0.28
✓Dreman< 0.8✓Templeton< 1.0 (fixed cap; proxy for below-sector-median leverage)✓SchlossD/E < 1.00x
Debt Levels0.28
✓MungerDebt/Equity < 0.5✓AkreDebt/Equity < 0.3
Interest Coverage & Debt/EBITDAIC=-9.2x, D/EBITDA=N/A
✗MarksInterest Coverage > 3x; Debt/EBITDA < 4x
Total Debt / Shareholders Equity0.28
✓Ackman<= 1.0
Negative debt-to-equity (higher means less debt)-0.2818; #1951/4210 (top 46.3%)
✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
Current Assets / Current Liabilities1.23x
✗SchlossCurrent ratio >= 1.50x (app cutoff)

Where It Falls Short

Profitability0% pass✓ 3✗ 29▾
No clean pass — all 15 investors flag at least one profitability criterion
Positive EPS (10 years)0/6 years positive
✗GrahamPositive EPS every year for 10 years
EPS Growth (3-yr avg, 10-yr window)
✗Graham>= 33% growth
Net Income Positive (10+ years)0/6 years positive
✗BuffettPositive every year for 10+ years
ROE (up to 5-year arithmetic mean)-21.5%
✗Buffett> 15% arithmetic mean (app rule)
Operating Margin (10-yr trend)-0.7% (latest)
✓BuffettStable or rising over 10 years
Free Cash Flow Proxy$-2.3M
✗BuffettPositive and growing
Earnings Variance (10-yr CoV)
✗BuffettCoV < 0.3
Retained Earnings Effectiveness
✗Buffett$1 retained -> > $1 market value created
Basic earnings-growth PEG (dividends excluded)
✗Lynch< 1.0 (ideally < 0.5)
3-5 Year EPS CAGR
✗Lynch15-30% (Fast Grower); > 0% to pass
ROE-5.0%
✗Lynch> 15%
Net Income / Total Assets-1.21%
✗PiotroskiROA > 0
ROA Change YoY-4.75% -> -1.21% (delta: +3.55%)
✓PiotroskiCurrent ROA > Prior ROA
(CFO / Total Assets) vs ROACFO/Assets=-2.75%, ROA=-1.21%
✗PiotroskiCFO/Assets > ROA
Pre-Tax Income / Revenue-0.6%
✗Dreman>= 8%
Net Income / Shareholders' Equity-5.0%
✗Dreman> 12%
Margin of SafetyP/B=17.6x
✗PabraiP/B < 1.5 or P/E < 15
Return on Equity-21.5% (3-yr avg)
✗AkreROE > 20% (3-year avg)
Discount to Intrinsic Value
✗Marks>= 20% below intrinsic value
Positive Net Income Frequency0/5 years positive
✗MarksPositive net income in >= 7 of last 10 years
Operating Income / Revenue-0.7%
✗Ackman>= 15%
Net Income / Shareholders Equity-5.0%
✗Ackman>= 15%
5-Year EPS CAGR
✗Templeton> 0% (5-year EPS CAGR)
Operating Margin Trend-5.1% (2023) -> -0.7% (2025)
✓TempletonNon-negative operating-margin trend over 3 years
Revenue growth vs. gross and operating margin trendgross margin 4.2% -> 5.3%, operating margin -5.1% -> -0.7%
✗SleepRevenue rising; gross margin flat or falling; operating margin holding
Net income / market capitalization-9.12%; #4143/6340 (top 65.3%)
✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
Gross profit / total assets+10.87%; #2739/3702 (top 74.0%)
✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
Net income / positive book equity-5.01%; #3210/5226 (top 61.4%)
✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
Negative 5-year standard deviation of ROA-0.0654; #2915/5884 (top 49.5%)
✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
3-5 Year Diluted EPS CAGR
✗Neff7%-20% annualized
Positive Diluted-EPS Years0/5 years positive
✗Schloss>= 70% positive over 5-10 observed years (app rule)
Valuation0% pass✓ 3✗ 23▾
No clean pass — all 12 investors flag at least one valuation criterion
Price / 3-yr avg EPS
✗Graham<= 15x
Price-to-Book Ratio17.6x
✗Graham<= 1.5x
P/E x P/B
✗Graham<= 22.5
Basic earnings-growth PEG (dividends excluded)
✗Lynch< 1.0 (ideally < 0.5)
Price / EPS
✗Dreman< 12x✗Templeton< 12x (fixed ceiling; proxy for the market's cheapest 40%)
Price / (CFO / Shares)N/A (negative CFPS)
✗Dreman< 8x
Price / Book Value per Share17.6x
✗Dreman< 1.2x✗Templeton< 1.5x✗SchlossP/B <= 0.80x (app cutoff)
Valuation ReasonablenessOE Yield=-0.3%
✗MungerP/E < 25 or Owner Earnings Yield > 5%
P/E or FCF YieldFCF Yield=-20.8%
✗PabraiP/E < 15 or FCF Yield > 10%
P/B or P/E vs. Historical AverageP/B=17.6x
✗MarksP/E < 15 or P/B < 2.0
Discount to Intrinsic Value
✗Marks>= 20% below intrinsic value
Price / FCF per ShareN/A (negative FCF)
✗Ackman<= 25
Price vs. Trailing Low2065% of trailing low ($0.54)
✗Templeton<= 120% of trailing low (certified split-adjusted live window)
Net income / market capitalization-9.12%; #4143/6340 (top 65.3%)
✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
Positive book equity / market capitalization+1.8206; #739/6449 (top 11.5%)
✓AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
Price / Diluted EPS
✗NeffP/E <= 15x (app proxy for a P/E 40%-60% below the market)
(EPS CAGR % + Dividend Yield %) / P/E
✗Neff> 0.7 (Neff's published traditional edge)
Price / Tangible Book Value per Share23.45x
✗SchlossP/TBV <= 1.00x (app cutoff)
Book Value per Share Change
✗SchlossLatest BVPS >= earliest BVPS over >= 3 years (app rule)
Revenue / market capitalization+15.4281; #248/5247 (top 4.7%)
✓OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
(Operating cash flow - capex) / market capitalization-20.82%; #3527/4519 (top 78.0%)
✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
Trailing six-month price return through the evaluation date+1695.16%; #26/6202 (top 0.4%)
✓OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
Cash Flow0% pass✗ 12▾
All 10 investors flag CCG's cash flow
Free Cash Flow Proxy$-2.3M
✗BuffettPositive and growing
FCF Positive and Growing$-5.8M
✗LynchPositive and growing
Operating Cash Flow$-5.8M
✗PiotroskiCFO > 0
(CFO / Total Assets) vs ROACFO/Assets=-2.75%, ROA=-1.21%
✗PiotroskiCFO/Assets > ROA
Price / (CFO / Shares)N/A (negative CFPS)
✗Dreman< 8x
P/E or FCF YieldFCF Yield=-20.8%
✗PabraiP/E < 15 or FCF Yield > 10%
FCF Positive0/5 years FCF positive
✗MarksPositive FCF in majority of recent years
(OCF - CapEx) / Market Cap-0.6%
✗Ackman>= 4%
Price / FCF per ShareN/A (negative FCF)
✗Ackman<= 25
Positive Operating Cash Flow frequency0/5 years positive
✗SleepPositive OCF in >= 70% of available years
Operating Cash Flow - Capital Expenditures$-5.8M
✗Neff> $0 (app proxy for a strong fundamental case)
(Operating cash flow - capex) / market capitalization-20.82%; #3527/4519 (top 78.0%)
✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
Growth0% pass✓ 1✗ 11▾
No clean pass — all 8 investors flag at least one growth criterion
EPS Growth (3-yr avg, 10-yr window)
✗Graham>= 33% growth
Basic earnings-growth PEG (dividends excluded)
✗Lynch< 1.0 (ideally < 0.5)
3-5 Year EPS CAGR
✗Lynch15-30% (Fast Grower); > 0% to pass
EPS Growth Direction
✗DremanPositive over recent years
EPS CAGR
✗Dreman> 5% annualized
Positive Net Income Frequency0/5 years positive
✗MarksPositive net income in >= 7 of last 10 years
3yr Median Revenue Growth6.1%
✓Ackman>= 5%
Positive EPS Growth Frequency
✗AckmanPositive EPS growth in >= 3 of last 5 years
5-Year EPS CAGR
✗Templeton> 0% (5-year EPS CAGR)
Revenue growth vs. gross and operating margin trendgross margin 4.2% -> 5.3%, operating margin -5.1% -> -0.7%
✗SleepRevenue rising; gross margin flat or falling; operating margin holding
5-year Revenue CAGR
✗SleepCAGR > 7%
3-5 Year Diluted EPS CAGR
✗Neff7%-20% annualized
Efficiency0% pass✗ 5▾
All 4 investors flag CCG's efficiency
Revenue / Total Assets Change YoY2.70x -> 2.04x
✗PiotroskiImproved YoY
Return on Invested Capital-3.6%
✗Munger> 15%
ROIC (high and growing)FY2023: ROIC=-34.8%; FY2024: ROIC=-12.2%; FY2025: ROIC=-3.6%
✗AkreLatest 3 consecutive FYs: ROIC > 15% in each
Reinvestment Rate x ROICN/A (non-positive net income)
✗AkreReinvestment Rate * ROIC > 10%
ROIC (5-year)0/3 years above 12% (latest -3.6%)
✗SleepROIC > 12% in a majority of years
Verdicts7% pass✓ 1✗ 14▾
Split decision: 14 FAIL · 1 BUY · 1 NEUTRAL
Overall verdict
✗GrahamFAIL (1/7)✗BuffettFAIL (1/7)✗LynchFAIL (2/6)✗PiotroskiFAIL (F-Score 2)✗DremanFAIL (1/10)✗MungerFAIL (1/4)✗PabraiFAIL (0/3)✗AkreFAIL (2/6)✗MarksFAIL (0/5)✗AckmanFAIL (3/9)✗TempletonFAIL (3/8)✗SleepFAIL (2/6)✓AsnessBUY (Rank #631/2370 (Top 26.6%))✗NeffFAIL (1/6)✗SchlossFAIL (1/7)•OshaughnessyNEUTRAL (Not ranked)

Business & financials

Financial snapshot: annual FY 2025. Current investor scores may use newer quarterly data.

Company Profile

Industry: Insurance

SIC Sector: Insurance Agents & Brokers

Size: Micro Cap($27.9M)

Revenue: $430.2M-11.1% YoY

Net Income: $2.5M+70.2% YoY

Financial Snapshot

Operating Margin-0.7%

Return on Equity-5.0%

Debt / Equity0.28

Current Ratio1.23

EPS (Diluted)$-0.03

Shares Retired0.0% / −6.5% 2y

Similar Companies

UNHUNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC

$365.1B

PGRPROGRESSIVE CORP/OH/

$136.6B

MRSHMARSH & MCLENNAN COMPANIES, INC.

$98.8B

CILJFCHINA LIFE INSURANCE CO LTD

$85.1B

Sector-adjusted criteria: Insurer

Insurers file unclassified balance sheets with no inventory or current accounts, so those criteria are omitted rather than failed for missing data. Return-on-invested-capital tests are omitted too: float funds the balance sheet but never appears in invested capital, and the portfolio it is invested in would be subtracted as spare cash. Debt tests are kept — an insurer’s borrowings are real leverage on top of underwriting.

Shareholder Return

Fiscal 2025

Retired 0.0% of shares last year, 6.5% issued over two.

Buybacks: —
Dividends: —

Company Financials

Latest TTM and quarters alongside annual years

TTM sums four consecutive quarters and uses the latest quarter-end balances. Quarter columns show three-month results; annual columns show full-year totals. Growth compares the same period a year earlier. EPS is not added for TTM; full-year ratios are blank for quarters.

Metric	FY 2025 Sources 20-F · 2026-04-27	FY 2024 Sources 20-F · 2025-04-18	FY 2023 Sources 20-F · 2024-04-29	FY 2022 Sources 20-F · 2024-04-29	FY 2021 Sources 20-F · 2024-04-29
Market Cap	$27.9Mcurrent	$70.6Mest.	$426.2Mest.	$339.7Mest.	--
Revenue	$430.2M↓11%	$483.8M↑6%	$456.1M↑19%	$384.8M↑41%	$272.3M
Operating Income	-$3.0M↑68%	-$9.3M↑60%	-$23.2M↓39%	-$16.7M↑32%	-$24.4M
Net Income	-$2.5M↑70%	-$8.5M↑61%	-$22.0M↓69%	-$13.1M↑43%	-$23.0M
EPS (Diluted)	$-0.03↑71%	$-0.11↑96%	$-2.80↓122%	$-1.26↓505%	$-0.21
Gross Margin	5.3%↑17%	4.6%↑8%	4.2%↓20%	5.3%↑14%	4.7%
Operating Margin	-0.7%↑64%	-1.9%↑62%	-5.1%↓17%	-4.3%↑52%	-9.0%
ROE	-5.0%↑71%	-17.2%↑59%	-42.2%↓684%	7.2%↓50%	14.6%
Total Debt	$14.3M↑35%	$10.6M↑2448%	$414.5K	--	--
Shareholders' Equity	$50.8M↑2%	$49.6M↓5%	$52.2M↑129%	-$181.0M↓15%	-$157.7M
Current Ratio	1.23↓9%	1.34↓14%	1.56↓11%	1.75	—
Debt / Equity	0.28↑32%	0.21↑2586%	0.01	—	—
Operating Cash Flow	-$5.8M↑64%	-$15.9M↓327%	-$3.7M↑84%	-$22.8M↑23%	-$29.4M
Free Cash Flow	-$5.8M↑64%	-$16.1M↓325%	-$3.8M↑83%	-$23.0M↑23%	-$29.7M

Score history

Historical Score Timeline

Industry peers

Industry Peers

Similar companies in Insurance

CCG vs Peers — Financial Grading

Revenue$430.2MBottom 25%

Net Income$2.5MBottom 25%

ROE-5.0%Bottom 25%

D/E0.28Median

Op. Margin-0.7%Bottom 25%

Curr. Ratio1.23Top 25%

Company	Market Cap	Price	Revenue	Net Income	ROE	D/E	Op. Margin	Curr. Ratio	Graham	Buffett	Lynch	Piotroski	Dreman
UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INCUNH	$365.1B	$407.46	$447.6B	$12.1B	12.0%	0.78	4.2%	0.79	3/7	4/7	2/6	F-Score 6	3/10
PROGRESSIVE CORP/OH/PGR	$136.6B	$235.78	$87.7B	$11.3B	37.3%	0.23	—	—	2/7	2/7	4/6	F-Score 6	8/10
MARSH & MCLENNAN COMPANIES, INC.MRSH	$98.8B	$207.78	$27.0B	$4.2B	27.2%	1.28	23.1%	1.10	3/7	3/7	2/6	F-Score 6	5/10
CHINA LIFE INSURANCE CO LTDCILJF	$85.1B	$3.01	—	—	—	—	—	—	5/7	1/7	3/6	F-Score 5	5/10
Aon plcAON	$71.8B	$338.31	$17.2B	$3.7B	39.5%	1.63	25.3%	1.11	2/7	4/7	3/6	F-Score 6	3/10
HUMANA INCHUM	$54.0B	$450.00	$129.7B	$1.2B	6.7%	0.70	2.1%	2.00	3/7	2/7	1/6	F-Score 4	4/10
SUN LIFE FINANCIAL INCSLF	$40.5B	$72.93	$30.6B	$2.6B	14.5%	0.33	—	—	3/7	3/7	2/6	F-Score 6	6/10
HARTFORD INSURANCE GROUP, INC.HIG	$36.8B	$137.48	$28.4B	$3.8B	20.2%	0.23	—	—	3/7	3/7	4/6	F-Score 7	8/10