CHINA LIFE INSURANCE CO LTD

CILJF

China Life Insurance Company Limited, together with its subsidiaries, operates as a life insurance company in the People's Republic of China. The company operates through Life Insurance Business, Health Insurance Business, Accident Insurance Business, and Other Businesses segments. It offers life, annuity, health, and accident insurance products to individuals and groups.

About the company

Country: ChinaPrice: $3.01Market Cap: $85.1B

Investment snapshot

31%positive consensus

Scored 1d ago

Positive

BUY / PASS

Neutral / negative

6 / 5

NEUTRAL / FAIL

Median fair value

$3.68

+22.3% vs price

Models with upside

6 / 16

Positive margin of safety

Strongest signal

9 of 10 pass — Buffett objects

Key risk

All 4 investors flag CILJF's efficiency

Framework analysis

Verdict	Meaning
BUY	Positive purchase signal: the framework's buy requirements are met.
PASS	The company clears the framework's checklist or screen, but the framework does not produce a buy signal. For valuation frameworks this often means margin of safety is missing, insufficient, or unavailable; some screen-only frameworks have no intrinsic-value BUY state.
NEUTRAL	Neither a positive nor negative conclusion. It does not mean to hold an existing position.
FAIL	The company does not clear the framework's requirements.
Ranked	Ranked strategies do not use PASS: selected cohort is BUY, outside the cohort is FAIL, and unranked is NEUTRAL.

Current investor scores use trailing 12-month flows and the latest balance sheet where supported. Multi-year and EPS tests retain annual history; each framework shows its financial basis below. Intrinsic values use annual financials.

Metric	Graham Defensive Value	Buffett Quality Compounder	Lynch GARP	Piotroski F-Score	Dreman Contrarian Value	Munger Quality Focus	Pabrai Dhandho Framework	Akre Three-Legged Stool	Marks Risk-Aware Value	Ackman Activist Value	Templeton Global Bargain Hunter	Sleep Scale Economies Shared	Asness Systematic Factors	Neff Low-P/E Total Return	Schloss Asset-Value Discipline	O'Shaughnessy Systematic Factor Composite
Verdict	NEUTRAL	FAIL	FAIL	NEUTRAL	PASS	PASS	NEUTRAL	FAIL	NEUTRAL	PASS	PASS	PASS	NEUTRAL	FAIL	FAIL	NEUTRAL
Score
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Intrinsic Value (annual)	N/A		N/A	N/A								N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Margin of Safety	N/A	+8.5%	N/A	N/A	+26.1%	+89.3%	-104.8%	+34.0%	-11.7%	+90.0%	+3.2%	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Financial Basis	Annual history · FY 2022 Latest source filing: 2023-04-21 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2022 Latest source filing: 2023-04-21 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2022 Latest source filing: 2023-04-21 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2022 Latest source filing: 2023-04-21 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2022 · Market data at 2026-11-01 Latest source filing: 2023-04-21 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Qualitative assessment · Annual history · FY 2022 Latest source filing: 2023-04-21 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Qualitative assessment · Annual history · FY 2022 Latest source filing: 2023-04-21 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2022 · Qualitative assessment Latest source filing: 2023-04-21 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2022 · Qualitative assessment Latest source filing: 2023-04-21 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2022 · Market data at 2026-11-01 Latest source filing: 2023-04-21 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2022 · Price history 2025-01-01–2026-11-01 Latest source filing: 2023-04-21 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2022 · Qualitative assessment Latest source filing: 2023-04-21 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2022 · Price history 2025-01-01–2026-11-01 Latest source filing: 2023-04-21 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2022 Latest source filing: 2023-04-21 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2022 Latest source filing: 2023-04-21 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2022 · Price history 2025-01-01–2026-11-01 Latest source filing: 2023-04-21 Score computed: 2026-11-14

Where It Passes

Cash Flow90% pass✓ 11✗ 1▾
9 of 10 pass — Buffett objects
Free Cash Flow Proxy$4.9B
✗BuffettPositive and growing
FCF Positive and Growing$50.1B
✓LynchPositive and growing
Operating Cash Flow$50.5B
✓PiotroskiCFO > 0
(CFO / Total Assets) vs ROACFO/Assets=6.70%, ROA=0.61%
✓PiotroskiCFO/Assets > ROA
Price / (CFO / Shares)1.7x
✓Dreman< 8x
P/E or FCF YieldFCF Yield=58.9%
✓PabraiP/E < 15 or FCF Yield > 10%
FCF Positive7/8 years FCF positive
✓MarksPositive FCF in majority of recent years
(OCF - CapEx) / Market Cap58.9%
✓Ackman>= 4%
Price / FCF per Share1.7x
✓Ackman<= 25
Positive Operating Cash Flow frequency7/8 years positive
✓SleepPositive OCF in >= 70% of available years
Operating Cash Flow - Capital Expenditures$50.1B
✓Neff> $0 (app proxy for a strong fundamental case)
(Operating cash flow - capex) / market capitalization+58.89%; #90/4519 (top 2.0%)
✓OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
Debt & Leverage82% pass✓ 11✗ 2▾
9 of 11 pass — Lynch and Schloss object
Debt/Equity & Interest CoverageD/E: 0.00, IC: 5.9x
✓BuffettD/E < 0.5 AND Interest Coverage > 5x
Total Debt / Equity0
✓Lynch< 0.33
Cash - Long-term Debt
✗LynchPositive preferred
LT Debt / Total Assets Change0.00% -> 0.00%
✓PiotroskiDecreased YoY
Total Debt / Shareholders' Equity0
✓Dreman< 0.8✓Templeton< 1.0 (fixed cap; proxy for below-sector-median leverage)✓SchlossD/E < 1.00x
Debt Levels0
✓MungerDebt/Equity < 0.5✓AkreDebt/Equity < 0.3
Interest Coverage & Debt/EBITDAIC=5.9x, D/EBITDA=0.0x
✓MarksInterest Coverage > 3x; Debt/EBITDA < 4x
Total Debt / Shareholders Equity0
✓Ackman<= 1.0
Negative debt-to-equity (higher means less debt)-0.0036; #465/4210 (top 11.0%)
✓AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
Current Assets / Current Liabilities
✗SchlossCurrent ratio >= 1.50x (app cutoff)
Valuation models75% pass✓ 6✗ 2▾
Models split on CILJF at $3.01 — fair values range $1.47–$29.97
Buffett fair value$3.29
✓Buffett+8.5% margin vs $3.01
Dreman fair value$4.07
✓Dreman+26.1% margin vs $3.01
Munger fair value$28.18
✓Munger+89.3% margin vs $3.01
Pabrai fair value$1.47
✗Pabrai-104.8% margin vs $3.01
Akre fair value$4.56
✓Akre+34.0% margin vs $3.01
Marks fair value$2.69
✗Marks-11.7% margin vs $3.01
Ackman fair value$29.97
✓Ackman+90.0% margin vs $3.01
Templeton fair value$3.11
✓Templeton+3.2% margin vs $3.01
Growth63% pass✓ 7✗ 5▾
5 of 8 pass — Lynch, Ackman and Sleep object
EPS Growth (3-yr avg, 10-yr window)91.6%
✓Graham>= 33% growth
Basic earnings-growth PEG (dividends excluded)
✗Lynch< 1.0 (ideally < 0.5)
3-5 Year EPS CAGR7.6%
✓Lynch15-30% (Fast Grower); > 0% to pass
EPS Growth Direction$0.19 (2015) -> $0.27 (2020)
✓DremanPositive over recent years
EPS CAGR7.6% CAGR over 5 years
✓Dreman> 5% annualized
Positive Net Income Frequency8/8 years positive
✓MarksPositive net income in >= 7 of last 10 years
3yr Median Revenue Growth4.9%
✗Ackman>= 5%
Positive EPS Growth Frequency1/3 years with positive EPS growth
✗AckmanPositive EPS growth in >= 3 of last 5 years
5-Year EPS CAGR16.2% CAGR over 3 years
✓Templeton> 0% (5-year EPS CAGR)
Revenue growth vs. gross and operating margin trend
✗SleepRevenue rising; gross margin flat or falling; operating margin holding
5-year Revenue CAGR3.2%
✗SleepCAGR > 7%
3-5 Year Diluted EPS CAGR7.6% over 5 years
✓Neff7%-20% annualized

Where It Falls Short

Efficiency0% pass✗ 5▾
All 4 investors flag CILJF's efficiency
Revenue / Total Assets Change YoY0.17x -> 0.15x
✗PiotroskiImproved YoY
Return on Invested Capital
✗Munger> 15%
ROIC (high and growing)FY2020: ROIC=unavailable; FY2021: ROIC=unavailable; FY2022: ROIC=unavailable
✗AkreLatest 3 consecutive FYs: ROIC > 15% in each
Reinvestment Rate x ROIC
✗AkreReinvestment Rate * ROIC > 10%
ROIC (5-year)
✗SleepROIC > 12% in a majority of years
Profitability27% pass✓ 12✗ 20▾
11 of 15 flag CILJF's profitability — Graham, Buffett, Lynch +8 more
Net income / market capitalization+5.42%; #1560/6340 (top 24.6%)
✓AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
Positive EPS (10 years)6/9 years positive
✗GrahamPositive EPS every year for 10 years
EPS Growth (3-yr avg, 10-yr window)91.6%
✓Graham>= 33% growth
Net Income Positive (10+ years)8/9 years positive
✗BuffettPositive every year for 10+ years
ROE (up to 5-year arithmetic mean)9.4%
✗Buffett> 15% arithmetic mean (app rule)
Operating Margin (10-yr trend)
✗BuffettStable or rising over 10 years
Free Cash Flow Proxy$4.9B
✗BuffettPositive and growing
Earnings Variance (10-yr CoV)0.48
✗BuffettCoV < 0.3
Retained Earnings Effectiveness
✗Buffett$1 retained -> > $1 market value created
Basic earnings-growth PEG (dividends excluded)
✗Lynch< 1.0 (ideally < 0.5)
3-5 Year EPS CAGR7.6%
✓Lynch15-30% (Fast Grower); > 0% to pass
ROE7.4%
✗Lynch> 15%
Net Income / Total Assets0.61%
✓PiotroskiROA > 0
ROA Change YoY1.04% -> 0.61% (delta: -0.43%)
✗PiotroskiCurrent ROA > Prior ROA
(CFO / Total Assets) vs ROACFO/Assets=6.70%, ROA=0.61%
✓PiotroskiCFO/Assets > ROA
Pre-Tax Income / Revenue3.0%
✗Dreman>= 8%
Net Income / Shareholders' Equity7.4%
✗Dreman> 12%
Margin of SafetyP/B=1.4x
✓PabraiP/B < 1.5 or P/E < 15
Return on Equity9.7% (3-yr avg)
✗AkreROE > 20% (3-year avg)
Discount to Intrinsic Value26.1% (IV=$4.07 vs Price=$3.01)
✓Marks>= 20% below intrinsic value
Positive Net Income Frequency8/8 years positive
✓MarksPositive net income in >= 7 of last 10 years
Operating Income / Revenue
✗Ackman>= 15%
Net Income / Shareholders Equity7.4%
✗Ackman>= 15%
5-Year EPS CAGR16.2% CAGR over 3 years
✓Templeton> 0% (5-year EPS CAGR)
Operating Margin Trend
✗TempletonNon-negative operating-margin trend over 3 years
Revenue growth vs. gross and operating margin trend
✗SleepRevenue rising; gross margin flat or falling; operating margin holding
Gross profit / total assets
✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
Net income / positive book equity+7.36%; #2186/5226 (top 41.8%)
✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
Negative 5-year standard deviation of ROA-0.0043; #437/5884 (top 7.4%)
✓AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
3-5 Year Diluted EPS CAGR7.6% over 5 years
✓Neff7%-20% annualized
Positive Diluted-EPS Years6/6 years positive
✓Schloss>= 70% positive over 5-10 observed years (app rule)
Valuation42% pass✓ 13✗ 13▾
7 of 12 flag CILJF's valuation — Lynch, Dreman, Templeton +4 more
Price / Book Value per Share1.4x
✗Dreman< 1.2x✓Templeton< 1.5x✗SchlossP/B <= 0.80x (app cutoff)
Net income / market capitalization+5.42%; #1560/6340 (top 24.6%)
✓AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
Price / 3-yr avg EPS11.1x
✓Graham<= 15x
Price-to-Book Ratio1.4x
✓Graham<= 1.5x
P/E x P/B15.10
✓Graham<= 22.5
Basic earnings-growth PEG (dividends excluded)
✗Lynch< 1.0 (ideally < 0.5)
Price / EPS
✗Dreman< 12x✗Templeton< 12x (fixed ceiling; proxy for the market's cheapest 40%)
Price / (CFO / Shares)1.7x
✓Dreman< 8x
Valuation ReasonablenessOE Yield=5.8%
✓MungerP/E < 25 or Owner Earnings Yield > 5%
P/E or FCF YieldFCF Yield=58.9%
✓PabraiP/E < 15 or FCF Yield > 10%
P/B or P/E vs. Historical AverageP/B=1.4x
✓MarksP/E < 15 or P/B < 2.0
Discount to Intrinsic Value26.1% (IV=$4.07 vs Price=$3.01)
✓Marks>= 20% below intrinsic value
Price / FCF per Share1.7x
✓Ackman<= 25
Price vs. Trailing Low
✗Templeton<= 120% of trailing low (certified split-adjusted live window)
Positive book equity / market capitalization+0.7363; #2083/6449 (top 32.3%)
✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
Price / Diluted EPS
✗NeffP/E <= 15x (app proxy for a P/E 40%-60% below the market)
(EPS CAGR % + Dividend Yield %) / P/E
✗Neff> 0.7 (Neff's published traditional edge)
Price / Tangible Book Value per Share1.36x
✗SchlossP/TBV <= 1.00x (app cutoff)
Book Value per Share Change+27.5%
✓SchlossLatest BVPS >= earliest BVPS over >= 3 years (app rule)
Revenue / market capitalization+1.3579; #1445/5247 (top 27.5%)
✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
(Operating cash flow - capex) / market capitalization+58.89%; #90/4519 (top 2.0%)
✓OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
Trailing six-month price return through the evaluation date
✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
Verdicts50% pass✓ 5✗ 5▾
Split decision: 6 NEUTRAL · 5 FAIL · 5 PASS
Overall verdict
•GrahamNEUTRAL (5/7)✗BuffettFAIL (1/7)✗LynchFAIL (3/6)•PiotroskiNEUTRAL (F-Score 5)✓DremanPASS (5/10)✓MungerPASS (2/4)•PabraiNEUTRAL (2/3)✗AkreFAIL (2/6)•MarksNEUTRAL (5/5)✓AckmanPASS (5/9)✓TempletonPASS (4/8)✓SleepPASS (3/6)•AsnessNEUTRAL (Not ranked)✗NeffFAIL (3/6)✗SchlossFAIL (3/7)•OshaughnessyNEUTRAL (Not ranked)

Business & financials

Financial snapshot: annual FY 2022. Current investor scores may use newer quarterly data.

Company Profile

Industry: Insurance

SIC Sector: Insurance Carriers

Size: Large Cap($85.1B)

Revenue: $115.5B-10.8% YoY

Net Income: $4.6B-42.2% YoY

Financial Snapshot

Operating Margin--

Return on Equity7.4%

Debt / Equity0.00

Current Ratio--

Shares Retired0.0% / 0.0% 2y

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UNHUNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC

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Sector-adjusted criteria: Insurer

Insurers file unclassified balance sheets with no inventory or current accounts, so those criteria are omitted rather than failed for missing data. Return-on-invested-capital tests are omitted too: float funds the balance sheet but never appears in invested capital, and the portfolio it is invested in would be subtracted as spare cash. Debt tests are kept — an insurer’s borrowings are real leverage on top of underwriting.

Shareholder Return

Fiscal 2022

Retired 0.0% of shares last year, 0.0% over two.

Buybacks: —
Dividends: —

What drove EPS

A buyback raises earnings per share without the company earning more. This splits each year's change into the two.

FY19

417.5% = 403.5% + 2.8%

FY20

−7.5% = −7.7% + 0.2%

Earnings Fewer shares More shares

The two parts do not sum exactly to the total — the difference is the cross-term, plus preferred capital where the company has any. It is left visible rather than distributed into the other two.

Share count is the denominator the filer used for diluted EPS, recovered as net income ÷ EPS — not the balance-sheet count, which is a point-in-time figure and would put the timing difference into this split. Years with a loss are omitted: a smaller share count makes a loss per share larger, so the decomposition inverts.

Company Financials

Latest TTM and quarters alongside annual years

TTM sums four consecutive quarters and uses the latest quarter-end balances. Quarter columns show three-month results; annual columns show full-year totals. Growth compares the same period a year earlier. EPS is not added for TTM; full-year ratios are blank for quarters.

Metric	FY 2022 Sources 20-F · 2023-04-21	FY 2021 Sources 20-F · 2022-04-29	FY 2020 Sources 20-F · 2021-04-29	FY 2019 Sources 20-F · 2020-04-29	FY 2018 Sources 20-F · 2019-04-24
Market Cap	$85.1Bcurrent	$50.3Best.	$61.6Best.	$68.1Best.	$67.3Best.
Revenue	$115.5B↓11%	$129.5B↑5%	$123.4B↑18%	$104.4B↑14%	$91.2B
Operating Income	--	--	--	--	--
Net Income	$4.6B↓42%	$8.0B↑3%	$7.7B↓8%	$8.3B↑404%	$1.7B
EPS (Diluted)	--	--	$0.27↓8%	$0.29↑417%	$0.06
Gross Margin	—	—	—	—	—
Operating Margin	—	—	—	—	—
ROE	7.4%↓31%	10.6%↓5%	11.2%↓23%	14.4%↑303%	3.6%
Total Debt	$225.3M↓34%	$342.4M↓16%	$408.5M↓8%	$442.5M	$0
Shareholders' Equity	$62.6B↓17%	$75.2B↑9%	$69.0B↑19%	$57.8B↑25%	$46.3B
Current Ratio	—	—	—	—	—
Debt / Equity	0.00↓21%	0.00↓23%	0.01↓23%	0.01	0.00
Operating Cash Flow	$50.5B↑12%	$45.0B↓4%	$46.6B↑14%	$40.9B↑91%	$21.5B
Free Cash Flow	$50.1B↑14%	$44.1B↓3%	$45.4B↑16%	$39.3B↑111%	$18.6B

Score history

Historical Score Timeline

Industry peers

Industry Peers

Similar companies in Insurance

CILJF vs Peers — Financial Grading

Revenue$115.5BTop 25%

Net Income$4.6BTop 25%

ROE7.4%Bottom 25%

D/E0.00Top 25%

Op. Margin—

Curr. Ratio—

Company	Market Cap	Price	Revenue	Net Income	ROE	D/E	Op. Margin	Curr. Ratio	Graham	Buffett	Lynch	Piotroski	Dreman
UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INCUNH	$365.1B	$407.46	$447.6B	$12.1B	12.0%	0.78	4.2%	0.79	3/7	4/7	2/6	F-Score 6	3/10
PROGRESSIVE CORP/OH/PGR	$136.6B	$235.78	$87.7B	$11.3B	37.3%	0.23	—	—	2/7	2/7	4/6	F-Score 6	8/10
MARSH & MCLENNAN COMPANIES, INC.MRSH	$98.8B	$207.78	$27.0B	$4.2B	27.2%	1.28	23.1%	1.10	3/7	3/7	2/6	F-Score 6	5/10
Aon plcAON	$71.8B	$338.31	$17.2B	$3.7B	39.5%	1.63	25.3%	1.11	2/7	4/7	3/6	F-Score 6	3/10
HUMANA INCHUM	$54.0B	$450.00	$129.7B	$1.2B	6.7%	0.70	2.1%	2.00	3/7	2/7	1/6	F-Score 4	4/10
SUN LIFE FINANCIAL INCSLF	$40.5B	$72.93	$30.6B	$2.6B	14.5%	0.33	—	—	3/7	3/7	2/6	F-Score 6	6/10
HARTFORD INSURANCE GROUP, INC.HIG	$36.8B	$137.48	$28.4B	$3.8B	20.2%	0.23	—	—	3/7	3/7	4/6	F-Score 7	8/10
PRUDENTIAL PLCPUK	$31.2B	$25.57	$11.5B	$4.0B	19.8%	—	28.8%	—	1/7	1/7	3/6	F-Score 4	4/10