ORANGE

FNCTF

Orange S.A. operates as a telecommunications operator in France and internationally. The company offers mobile services, such as voice, SMS, and data; and fixed broadband and narrowband services, as well as B2B fixed solutions and network services, including voice and data services. It also sells handsets, broadband equipment, connected devices, and accessories.

About the company

Country: FrancePrice: $17.68Market Cap: $46.9B

Investment snapshot

12%positive consensus

Scored 1d ago

Positive

BUY / PASS

Neutral / negative

5 / 9

NEUTRAL / FAIL

Median fair value

$13.64

-22.9% vs price

Models with upside

0 / 17

Positive margin of safety

Key risk

FNCTF overvalued: all 8 models price fair value below $17.68 (median $13.64)

Framework analysis

Verdict	Meaning
BUY	Positive purchase signal: the framework's buy requirements are met.
PASS	The company clears the framework's checklist or screen, but the framework does not produce a buy signal. For valuation frameworks this often means margin of safety is missing, insufficient, or unavailable; some screen-only frameworks have no intrinsic-value BUY state.
NEUTRAL	Neither a positive nor negative conclusion. It does not mean to hold an existing position.
FAIL	The company does not clear the framework's requirements.
Ranked	Ranked strategies do not use PASS: selected cohort is BUY, outside the cohort is FAIL, and unranked is NEUTRAL.

Current investor scores use trailing 12-month flows and the latest balance sheet where supported. Multi-year and EPS tests retain annual history; each framework shows its financial basis below. Intrinsic values use annual financials.

Metric	Graham Defensive Value	Buffett Quality Compounder	Lynch GARP	Greenblatt Magic Formula	Piotroski F-Score	Dreman Contrarian Value	Munger Quality Focus	Pabrai Dhandho Framework	Akre Three-Legged Stool	Marks Risk-Aware Value	Ackman Activist Value	Templeton Global Bargain Hunter	Sleep Scale Economies Shared	Asness Systematic Factors	Neff Low-P/E Total Return	Schloss Asset-Value Discipline	O'Shaughnessy Systematic Factor Composite
Verdict	FAIL	FAIL	FAIL	FAIL · Rank #621 (Top 20.1%)	NEUTRAL	FAIL	NEUTRAL	FAIL	FAIL	FAIL	PASS	NEUTRAL	PASS	NEUTRAL	FAIL	FAIL	NEUTRAL
Score
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Intrinsic Value (annual)		N/A			N/A		N/A				N/A		N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Margin of Safety	-5.6%	N/A	-228.6%	-32.4%	N/A	-105.6%	N/A	-214.6%	-10.2%	-26.9%	N/A	-18.7%	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Financial Basis	Annual history · FY 2023 Latest source filing: 2024-03-29 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2023 Latest source filing: 2024-03-29 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2023 Latest source filing: 2024-03-29 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2023 Latest source filing: 2024-03-29 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2023 Latest source filing: 2024-03-29 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2023 · Market data at 2026-11-01 Latest source filing: 2024-03-29 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Qualitative assessment · Annual history · FY 2023 Latest source filing: 2024-03-29 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Qualitative assessment · Annual history · FY 2023 Latest source filing: 2024-03-29 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2023 · Qualitative assessment Latest source filing: 2024-03-29 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2023 · Qualitative assessment Latest source filing: 2024-03-29 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2023 · Market data at 2026-11-01 Latest source filing: 2024-03-29 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2023 · Price history 2025-01-01–2026-11-01 Latest source filing: 2024-03-29 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2023 · Qualitative assessment Latest source filing: 2024-03-29 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2023 · Price history 2025-01-01–2026-11-01 Latest source filing: 2024-03-29 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2023 Latest source filing: 2024-03-29 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2023 Latest source filing: 2024-03-29 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2023 · Price history 2025-01-01–2026-11-01 Latest source filing: 2024-03-29 Score computed: 2026-11-14

Where It Passes

Where It Falls Short

Valuation models0% pass✗ 8▾
FNCTF overvalued: all 8 models price fair value below $17.68 (median $13.64)
Graham fair value$16.75
✗Graham-5.6% margin vs $17.68
Lynch fair value$5.38
✗Lynch-228.6% margin vs $17.68
Greenblatt fair value$13.35
✗Greenblatt-32.4% margin vs $17.68
Dreman fair value$8.60
✗Dreman-105.6% margin vs $17.68
Pabrai fair value$5.62
✗Pabrai-214.6% margin vs $17.68
Akre fair value$16.04
✗Akre-10.2% margin vs $17.68
Marks fair value$13.93
✗Marks-26.9% margin vs $17.68
Templeton fair value$14.89
✗Templeton-18.7% margin vs $17.68
Valuation8% pass✓ 7✗ 21▾
12 of 13 flag FNCTF's valuation — Graham, Lynch, Greenblatt +9 more
Price / Book Value per Share1.3x
✗Dreman< 1.2x✓Templeton< 1.5x✗SchlossP/B <= 0.80x (app cutoff)
Net income / market capitalization+5.76%; #1479/6340 (top 23.3%)
✓AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
Price / 3-yr avg EPS30.8x
✗Graham<= 15x
Price-to-Book Ratio1.3x
✓Graham<= 1.5x
P/E x P/B41.10
✗Graham<= 22.5
Basic earnings-growth PEG (dividends excluded)3.29
✗Lynch< 1.0 (ideally < 0.5)
EBIT / Enterprise Value10.4%
✓Greenblatt> 10%
Earnings Yield + ROC AssessmentEY=10.4%, ROC=20.0%
✗GreenblattBoth EY > 10% and ROC > 25%
Price / EPS18.8x
✗Dreman< 12x✗Templeton< 12x (fixed ceiling; proxy for the market's cheapest 40%)
Price / (CFO / Shares)3.5x
✓Dreman< 8x
Valuation ReasonablenessP/E=18.8x
✓MungerP/E < 25 or Owner Earnings Yield > 5%
P/E or FCF YieldP/E=18.8x
✗PabraiP/E < 15 or FCF Yield > 10%
P/B or P/E vs. Historical AverageP/E=18.8x, P/B=1.3x
✓MarksP/E < 15 or P/B < 2.0
Discount to Intrinsic Value-105.3% (IV=$8.61 vs Price=$17.68)
✗Marks>= 20% below intrinsic value
Price / FCF per Share
✗Ackman<= 25
Price vs. Trailing Low159% of trailing low ($11.12)
✗Templeton<= 120% of trailing low (certified split-adjusted live window)
Positive book equity / market capitalization+0.7514; #2052/6449 (top 31.8%)
✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
Price / Diluted EPS18.8x
✗NeffP/E <= 15x (app proxy for a P/E 40%-60% below the market)
(EPS CAGR % + Dividend Yield %) / P/E0.59
✗Neff> 0.7 (Neff's published traditional edge)
Price / Tangible Book Value per ShareN/A (non-positive TBVPS)
✗SchlossP/TBV <= 1.00x (app cutoff)
Book Value per Share Change-0.4%
✗SchlossLatest BVPS >= earliest BVPS over >= 3 years (app rule)
Revenue / market capitalization+1.0418; #1732/5247 (top 33.0%)
✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
(Operating cash flow - capex) / market capitalization
✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
Trailing six-month price return through the evaluation date-14.80%; #3702/6202 (top 59.7%)
✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
Efficiency13% pass✓ 3✗ 8▾
7 of 8 flag FNCTF's efficiency — Graham, Greenblatt, Piotroski +4 more
Current Ratio0.83
✗Graham>= 2.0
ROIC (3-5 yr avg)10.2%
✓Buffett> 10%
ROIC - WACC+0.2%
✓BuffettPositive (WACC = 10%)
EBIT / (NWC + Net Fixed Assets)20.0%
✗Greenblatt> 25%
Current Ratio Change YoY0.92 -> 0.83
✗PiotroskiIncreased YoY
Revenue / Total Assets Change YoY0.40x -> 0.40x
✓PiotroskiImproved YoY
Current Assets / Current Liabilities0.83
✗Dreman> 1.5
Return on Invested Capital9.7%
✗Munger> 15%
ROIC (high and growing)FY2021: ROIC=4.9%; FY2022: ROIC=9.4%; FY2023: ROIC=9.7%
✗AkreLatest 3 consecutive FYs: ROIC > 15% in each
Reinvestment Rate x ROIC0.8% (RR=8% x ROIC=9.7%)
✗AkreReinvestment Rate * ROIC > 10%
ROIC (5-year)1/5 years above 12% (latest 9.7%)
✗SleepROIC > 12% in a majority of years
Verdicts17% pass✓ 2✗ 10▾
Split decision: 9 FAIL · 5 NEUTRAL · 2 PASS
Overall verdict
✗GrahamFAIL (2/9)✗BuffettFAIL (2/9)✗LynchFAIL (2/7)✗GreenblattRank #621•PiotroskiNEUTRAL (F-Score 7)✗DremanFAIL (4/11)•MungerNEUTRAL (3/4)✗PabraiFAIL (1/3)✗AkreFAIL (1/6)✗MarksFAIL (2/5)✓AckmanPASS (4/9)•TempletonNEUTRAL (6/8)✓SleepPASS (3/6)•AsnessNEUTRAL (Not ranked)✗NeffFAIL (2/6)✗SchlossFAIL (3/7)•OshaughnessyNEUTRAL (Not ranked)
Profitability25% pass✓ 13✗ 22▾
12 of 16 flag FNCTF's profitability — Graham, Buffett, Lynch +9 more
Net income / market capitalization+5.76%; #1479/6340 (top 23.3%)
✓AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
Positive EPS (10 years)9/10 years positive
✗GrahamPositive EPS every year for 10 years
EPS Growth (3-yr avg, 10-yr window)-43.5%
✗Graham>= 33% growth
Net Income Positive (10+ years)9/10 years positive
✗BuffettPositive every year for 10+ years
ROE (up to 5-year arithmetic mean)7.7%
✗Buffett> 15% arithmetic mean (app rule)
Operating Margin (10-yr trend)11.3% (latest)
✗BuffettStable or rising over 10 years
Free Cash Flow Proxy
✗BuffettPositive and growing
Earnings Variance (10-yr CoV)0.55
✗BuffettCoV < 0.3
Retained Earnings Effectiveness
✗Buffett$1 retained -> > $1 market value created
Basic earnings-growth PEG (dividends excluded)3.29
✗Lynch< 1.0 (ideally < 0.5)
3-5 Year EPS CAGR5.7%
✓Lynch15-30% (Fast Grower); > 0% to pass
ROE7.7%
✗Lynch> 15%
EBIT / Enterprise Value10.4%
✓Greenblatt> 10%
Earnings Yield + ROC AssessmentEY=10.4%, ROC=20.0%
✗GreenblattBoth EY > 10% and ROC > 25%
Net Income / Total Assets2.22%
✓PiotroskiROA > 0
ROA Change YoY1.96% -> 2.22% (delta: +0.26%)
✓PiotroskiCurrent ROA > Prior ROA
(CFO / Total Assets) vs ROACFO/Assets=10.95%, ROA=2.22%
✓PiotroskiCFO/Assets > ROA
Gross Margin Change YoY
✗PiotroskiImproved YoY
Pre-Tax Income / Revenue
✗Dreman>= 8%
Net Income / Shareholders' Equity7.7%
✗Dreman> 12%
Margin of SafetyP/E=18.8x, P/B=1.3x
✓PabraiP/B < 1.5 or P/E < 15
Return on Equity5.0% (3-yr avg)
✗AkreROE > 20% (3-year avg)
Discount to Intrinsic Value-105.3% (IV=$8.61 vs Price=$17.68)
✗Marks>= 20% below intrinsic value
Positive Net Income Frequency9/9 years positive
✓MarksPositive net income in >= 7 of last 10 years
Operating Income / Revenue11.3%
✗Ackman>= 15%
Net Income / Shareholders Equity7.7%
✗Ackman>= 15%
5-Year EPS CAGR5.7% CAGR over 5 years
✓Templeton> 0% (5-year EPS CAGR)
Operating Margin Trend5.9% (2021) -> 11.3% (2023)
✓TempletonNon-negative operating-margin trend over 3 years
Revenue growth vs. gross and operating margin trendrevenue up, operating margin 5.9% -> 11.3%
✓SleepRevenue rising; gross margin flat or falling; operating margin holding
Gross profit / total assets
✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
Net income / positive book equity+7.67%; #2141/5226 (top 41.0%)
✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
Negative 5-year standard deviation of ROA-0.0138; #1067/5884 (top 18.1%)
✓AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
3-5 Year Diluted EPS CAGR5.7% over 5 years
✗Neff7%-20% annualized
Positive Diluted-EPS Years9/9 years positive
✓Schloss>= 70% positive over 5-10 observed years (app rule)
Growth25% pass✓ 5✗ 8▾
6 of 8 flag FNCTF's growth — Graham, Lynch, Dreman +3 more
EPS Growth (3-yr avg, 10-yr window)-43.5%
✗Graham>= 33% growth
Basic earnings-growth PEG (dividends excluded)3.29
✗Lynch< 1.0 (ideally < 0.5)
3-5 Year EPS CAGR5.7%
✓Lynch15-30% (Fast Grower); > 0% to pass
Inventory Growth vs Revenue GrowthInv: 14.1% vs Rev: 5.4%
✗LynchInventory growth < Revenue growth
EPS Growth Direction$0.97 (2015) -> $0.94 (2023)
✗DremanPositive over recent years
EPS CAGR-0.4% CAGR over 8 years
✗Dreman> 5% annualized
Positive Net Income Frequency9/9 years positive
✓MarksPositive net income in >= 7 of last 10 years
3yr Median Revenue Growth-3.8%
✗Ackman>= 5%
Positive EPS Growth Frequency4/5 years with positive EPS growth
✓AckmanPositive EPS growth in >= 3 of last 5 years
5-Year EPS CAGR5.7% CAGR over 5 years
✓Templeton> 0% (5-year EPS CAGR)
Revenue growth vs. gross and operating margin trendrevenue up, operating margin 5.9% -> 11.3%
✓SleepRevenue rising; gross margin flat or falling; operating margin holding
5-year Revenue CAGR0.5%
✗SleepCAGR > 7%
3-5 Year Diluted EPS CAGR5.7% over 5 years
✗Neff7%-20% annualized
Cash Flow30% pass✓ 4✗ 8▾
7 of 10 flag FNCTF's cash flow — Buffett, Lynch, Pabrai +4 more
Free Cash Flow Proxy
✗BuffettPositive and growing
FCF Positive and Growing
✗LynchPositive and growing
Operating Cash Flow$13.3B
✓PiotroskiCFO > 0
(CFO / Total Assets) vs ROACFO/Assets=10.95%, ROA=2.22%
✓PiotroskiCFO/Assets > ROA
Price / (CFO / Shares)3.5x
✓Dreman< 8x
P/E or FCF YieldP/E=18.8x
✗PabraiP/E < 15 or FCF Yield > 10%
FCF Positive
✗MarksPositive FCF in majority of recent years
(OCF - CapEx) / Market Cap
✗Ackman>= 4%
Price / FCF per Share
✗Ackman<= 25
Positive Operating Cash Flow frequency9/9 years positive
✓SleepPositive OCF in >= 70% of available years
Operating Cash Flow - Capital Expenditures
✗Neff> $0 (app proxy for a strong fundamental case)
(Operating cash flow - capex) / market capitalization
✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
Debt & Leverage42% pass✓ 8✗ 7▾
7 of 12 flag FNCTF's debt & leverage — Graham, Buffett, Lynch +4 more
LT Debt vs Net Current AssetsLT Debt $33.8B vs NCA $-5.8B
✗GrahamLT Debt <= Net Current Assets
Debt/Equity & Interest CoverageD/E: 0.27, IC: N/A
✗BuffettD/E < 0.5 AND Interest Coverage > 5x
Total Debt / Equity0.27
✓Lynch< 0.33
Cash - Long-term Debt$-30.4B
✗LynchPositive preferred
LT Debt / Total Assets Change29.12% -> 27.75%
✓PiotroskiDecreased YoY
Current Assets / Current Liabilities0.83
✗Dreman> 1.5✗SchlossCurrent ratio >= 1.50x (app cutoff)
Total Debt / Shareholders' Equity0.27
✓Dreman< 0.8✓Templeton< 1.0 (fixed cap; proxy for below-sector-median leverage)✓SchlossD/E < 1.00x
Debt Levels0.27
✓MungerDebt/Equity < 0.5✓AkreDebt/Equity < 0.3
Interest Coverage & Debt/EBITDA
✗MarksInterest Coverage > 3x; Debt/EBITDA < 4x
Total Debt / Shareholders Equity0.27
✓Ackman<= 1.0
Negative debt-to-equity (higher means less debt)-0.2692; #1916/4210 (top 45.5%)
✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section

Business & financials

Financial snapshot: annual FY 2023. Current investor scores may use newer quarterly data.

Company Profile

Industry: Communication

SIC Sector: Communications

Size: Large Cap($46.9B)

Revenue: $48.8B+5.4% YoY

Net Income: $2.7B+18.0% YoY

Financial Snapshot

Operating Margin11.3%

Return on Equity7.7%

Debt / Equity0.27

Current Ratio0.83

EPS (Diluted)$0.94+20.9% 1y

Shares Retired0.0% / 0.0% 2y

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Shareholder Return

Fiscal 2023

Retired 0.0% of shares last year, 0.0% over two.

Buybacks: —
Dividends: $2.5B

What drove EPS

A buyback raises earnings per share without the company earning more. This splits each year's change into the two.

FY20

84.1% = 76.2% + 4.4%

FY21

−99.8% = −95.6% + −96.4%

FY22

23178.5% = 767.0% + 2584.9%

FY23

20.9% = 18.0% + 2.4%

Earnings Fewer shares More shares

The two parts do not sum exactly to the total — the difference is the cross-term, plus preferred capital where the company has any. It is left visible rather than distributed into the other two.

Share count is the denominator the filer used for diluted EPS, recovered as net income ÷ EPS — not the balance-sheet count, which is a point-in-time figure and would put the timing difference into this split. Years with a loss are omitted: a smaller share count makes a loss per share larger, so the decomposition inverts.

Company Financials

Latest TTM and quarters alongside annual years

TTM sums four consecutive quarters and uses the latest quarter-end balances. Quarter columns show three-month results; annual columns show full-year totals. Growth compares the same period a year earlier. EPS is not added for TTM; full-year ratios are blank for quarters.

Metric	FY 2023 Sources 20-F · 2024-03-29	FY 2022 Sources 20-F · 2023-03-30	FY 2021 Sources 20-F · 2022-04-01	FY 2020 Sources 20-F · 2021-03-18	FY 2019 Sources 20-F · 2020-04-21
Market Cap	$46.9Bcurrent	$22.2Best.	$22.9Best.	$21.8Best.	$24.3Best.
Revenue	$48.8B↑5%	$46.3B↓4%	$48.2B↓7%	$52.0B↑10%	$47.3B
Operating Income	$5.5B↑7%	$5.1B↑79%	$2.9B↓58%	$6.8B↑2%	$6.6B
Net Income	$2.7B↑18%	$2.3B↑767%	$263.9M↓96%	$5.9B↑76%	$3.4B
EPS (Diluted)	$0.94↑21%	$0.78↑23179%	$0.00↓100%	$2.10↑84%	$1.14
Gross Margin	—	99.0%	99.3%	99.4%	—
Operating Margin	11.3%↑2%	11.0%↑86%	5.9%↓55%	13.1%↓7%	14.0%
ROE	7.7%↑14%	6.8%↑837%	0.7%↓95%	14.0%↑48%	9.4%
Total Debt	$9.5B↑6%	$9.0B↓2%	$9.1B↑1%	$9.1B↑17%	$7.8B
Shareholders' Equity	$35.2B↑4%	$33.9B↓7%	$36.6B↓14%	$42.5B↑19%	$35.7B
Current Ratio	0.83↓10%	0.92↓3%	0.95↑7%	0.89↓1%	0.90
Debt / Equity	0.27↑2%	0.26↑6%	0.25↑17%	0.21↓2%	0.22
Operating Cash Flow	$13.3B↑11%	$12.0B↓6%	$12.7B↓19%	$15.6B↑37%	$11.4B
Free Cash Flow	--	--	--	--	--

Score history

Historical Score Timeline

Industry peers

Industry Peers

Similar companies in Communication

FNCTF vs Peers — Financial Grading

Revenue$48.8BMedian

Net Income$2.7BMedian

ROE7.7%Median

D/E0.27Top 25%

Op. Margin11.3%Bottom 25%

Curr. Ratio0.83Median

Company	Market Cap	Price	Revenue	Net Income	ROE	D/E	Op. Margin	Curr. Ratio	Graham	Buffett	Lynch	Greenblatt	Piotroski	Dreman
VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS INCVZ	$192.1B	$46.36	$138.2B	$17.2B	16.2%	1.50	21.2%	0.91	4/9	3/9	2/7	1/3	F-Score 5	6/11
AT&T INC.T	$149.4B	$22.18	$125.6B	$22.0B	17.4%	1.08	19.2%	0.91	5/9	2/9	3/7	0/3	F-Score 6	6/11
NIPPON TELEGRAPH & TELEPHONE CORPNTTYY	$85.0B	$26.32	—	—	—	—	—	—	2/9	1/9	2/7	1/3	F-Score 7	6/11
AMERICA MOVIL SAB DE CV/AMX	$76.0B	$25.47	$42.1B	$1.1B	6.2%	1.54	20.7%	0.72	1/9	5/9	1/7	1/3	F-Score 6	2/11
VODAFONE GROUP PUBLIC LTD COVOD	$35.6B	$15.37	$40.5B	$4.5B	-7.9%	1.01	-1.1%	—	1/9	2/9	0/7	0/3	F-Score 5	2/11
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. /MO/CHTR	$24.8B	$138.39	$54.8B	$5.0B	31.1%	5.90	23.6%	0.39	4/9	3/9	3/7	0/3	F-Score 6	5/11
BCE INCBCE	$20.0B	$21.43	$17.9B	$4.8B	28.3%	1.52	—	0.58	4/9	1/9	5/7	1/3	F-Score 6	9/11
ROGERS COMMUNICATIONS INCRCI	$18.0B	$33.24	$15.9B	$5.0B	38.8%	2.25	45.2%	0.61	5/9	5/9	5/7	1/3	F-Score 4	8/11