LIPELLA PHARMACEUTICALS INC.

LIPO

Lipella Pharmaceuticals Inc., a clinical-stage biotechnology company, focuses on developing drugs by reformulating the active agents in existing generic drugs and optimizing these reformulations for various applications.

About the company

Country: United StatesPrice: $0.00Market Cap: $2,772

Investment snapshot

12%positive consensus

Scored 1d ago

Positive

BUY / PASS

Neutral / negative

3 / 11

NEUTRAL / FAIL

Median fair value

—

No comparable estimates

Models with upside

0 / 17

Positive margin of safety

Strongest signal

8 of 12 pass — Graham, Buffett, Lynch +1 more object

Key risk

No clean pass — all 13 investors flag at least one valuation criterion

Framework analysis

Verdict	Meaning
BUY	Positive purchase signal: the framework's buy requirements are met.
PASS	The company clears the framework's checklist or screen, but the framework does not produce a buy signal. For valuation frameworks this often means margin of safety is missing, insufficient, or unavailable; some screen-only frameworks have no intrinsic-value BUY state.
NEUTRAL	Neither a positive nor negative conclusion. It does not mean to hold an existing position.
FAIL	The company does not clear the framework's requirements.
Ranked	Ranked strategies do not use PASS: selected cohort is BUY, outside the cohort is FAIL, and unranked is NEUTRAL.

Current investor scores use trailing 12-month flows and the latest balance sheet where supported. Multi-year and EPS tests retain annual history; each framework shows its financial basis below. Intrinsic values use annual financials.

Metric	Graham Defensive Value	Buffett Quality Compounder	Lynch GARP	Greenblatt Magic Formula	Piotroski F-Score	Dreman Contrarian Value	Munger Quality Focus	Pabrai Dhandho Framework	Akre Three-Legged Stool	Marks Risk-Aware Value	Ackman Activist Value	Templeton Global Bargain Hunter	Sleep Scale Economies Shared	Asness Systematic Factors	Neff Low-P/E Total Return	Schloss Asset-Value Discipline	O'Shaughnessy Systematic Factor Composite
Verdict	FAIL	FAIL	FAIL	Not ranked	FAIL	FAIL	PASS	FAIL	FAIL	FAIL	FAIL	PASS	FAIL	NEUTRAL	FAIL	NEUTRAL	NEUTRAL
Score
Analysis	Checking access…	Checking access…	Checking access…	Checking access…	Checking access…	Checking access…	Checking access…	Checking access…	Checking access…	Checking access…	Checking access…	Checking access…	Checking access…	Checking access…	Checking access…	Checking access…	Checking access…
Intrinsic Value (annual)	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Margin of Safety	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Financial Basis	TTM ended 2025-09-30 · Balance sheet at 2025-09-30 · Annual history · FY 2024 Latest source filing: 2025-11-14 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2024 Latest source filing: 2025-03-28 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2024 · Balance sheet at 2025-09-30 · TTM ended 2025-09-30 Latest source filing: 2025-11-14 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2024 Latest source filing: 2025-03-28 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2024 Latest source filing: 2025-03-28 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2024 · TTM ended 2025-09-30 · Balance sheet at 2025-09-30 · Market data at 2026-11-01 Latest source filing: 2025-11-14 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Qualitative assessment · Annual history · FY 2024 · TTM ended 2025-09-30 · Balance sheet at 2025-09-30 Latest source filing: 2025-11-14 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Qualitative assessment · Annual history · FY 2024 Latest source filing: 2025-03-28 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2024 · Qualitative assessment · Balance sheet at 2025-09-30 Latest source filing: 2025-11-14 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2024 · Qualitative assessment Latest source filing: 2025-03-28 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2024 · TTM ended 2025-09-30 · Balance sheet at 2025-09-30 · Market data at 2026-11-01 Latest source filing: 2025-11-14 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2024 · Price history 2025-01-01–2026-11-01 · Balance sheet at 2025-09-30 Latest source filing: 2025-11-14 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2024 · Qualitative assessment Latest source filing: 2025-03-28 Score computed: 2026-11-14	TTM ended 2025-09-30 · Balance sheet at 2025-09-30 · Price history 2025-01-01–2026-11-01 · Annual history · FY 2024 Latest source filing: 2025-11-14 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2024 Latest source filing: 2025-03-28 Score computed: 2026-11-14	Annual history · FY 2024 · Balance sheet at 2025-09-30 Latest source filing: 2025-11-14 Score computed: 2026-11-14	TTM ended 2025-09-30 · Annual history · FY 2024 · Price history 2025-01-01–2026-11-01 Latest source filing: 2025-11-14 Score computed: 2026-11-14

Where It Passes

Debt & Leverage67% pass✓ 11✗ 4▾
8 of 12 pass — Graham, Buffett, Lynch +1 more object
LT Debt vs Net Current Assets
✗GrahamLT Debt <= Net Current Assets
Debt/Equity & Interest CoverageD/E: 0.00, IC: -426.6x
✗BuffettD/E < 0.5 AND Interest Coverage > 5x
Total Debt / Equity0
✓Lynch< 0.33
Cash - Long-term Debt
✗LynchPositive preferred
LT Debt / Total Assets Change0.00% -> 0.00%
✓PiotroskiDecreased YoY
Current Assets / Current Liabilities3.24
✓Dreman> 1.5✓SchlossCurrent ratio >= 1.50x (app cutoff)
Total Debt / Shareholders' Equity0
✓Dreman< 0.8✓Templeton< 1.0 (fixed cap; proxy for below-sector-median leverage)✓SchlossD/E < 1.00x
Debt Levels0
✓MungerDebt/Equity < 0.5✓AkreDebt/Equity < 0.3
Interest Coverage & Debt/EBITDAIC=-426.6x, D/EBITDA=0.0x (no debt)
✗MarksInterest Coverage > 3x; Debt/EBITDA < 4x
Total Debt / Shareholders Equity0
✓Ackman<= 1.0
Negative debt-to-equity (higher means less debt)-0.0000; #1/4210 (top 0.0%)
✓AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section

Where It Falls Short

Valuation0% pass✓ 8✗ 20▾
No clean pass — all 13 investors flag at least one valuation criterion
Price / 3-yr avg EPS
✗Graham<= 15x
Price-to-Book Ratio0.0x
✓Graham<= 1.5x
P/E x P/B
✗Graham<= 22.5
Basic earnings-growth PEG (dividends excluded)
✗Lynch< 1.0 (ideally < 0.5)
EBIT / Enterprise ValueN/A (EV <= 0)
✗Greenblatt> 10%
Earnings Yield + ROC AssessmentEY=N/A (EV <= 0), ROC=N/A (invested capital <= 0)
✗GreenblattBoth EY > 10% and ROC > 25%
Price / EPS
✗Dreman< 12x✗Templeton< 12x (fixed ceiling; proxy for the market's cheapest 40%)
Price / (CFO / Shares)N/A (negative CFPS)
✗Dreman< 8x
Price / Book Value per Share0.0x
✓Dreman< 1.2x✓Templeton< 1.5x✓SchlossP/B <= 0.80x (app cutoff)
Valuation ReasonablenessOE Yield=-691165.4%
✗MungerP/E < 25 or Owner Earnings Yield > 5%
P/E or FCF Yield
✗PabraiP/E < 15 or FCF Yield > 10%
P/B or P/E vs. Historical AverageP/B=0.0x
✓MarksP/E < 15 or P/B < 2.0
Discount to Intrinsic ValueN/A (negative normalized EPS)
✗Marks>= 20% below intrinsic value
Price / FCF per Share
✗Ackman<= 25
Price vs. Trailing Low150% of trailing low ($0.00)
✗Templeton<= 120% of trailing low (certified split-adjusted live window)
Net income / market capitalization-192271.25%; #6301/6340 (top 99.4%)
✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
Positive book equity / market capitalization+536.6504; #29/6449 (top 0.4%)
✓AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
Price / Diluted EPS
✗NeffP/E <= 15x (app proxy for a P/E 40%-60% below the market)
(EPS CAGR % + Dividend Yield %) / P/E
✗Neff> 0.7 (Neff's published traditional edge)
Price / Tangible Book Value per Share0.00x
✓SchlossP/TBV <= 1.00x (app cutoff)
Book Value per Share Change
✗SchlossLatest BVPS >= earliest BVPS over >= 3 years (app rule)
Revenue / market capitalization+140.6144; #72/5247 (top 1.4%)
✓OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
(Operating cash flow - capex) / market capitalization
✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
Trailing six-month price return through the evaluation date-98.80%; #6137/6202 (top 99.0%)
✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
Cash Flow0% pass✓ 1✗ 11▾
No clean pass — all 10 investors flag at least one cash flow criterion
Free Cash Flow Proxy$-4.6M
✗BuffettPositive and growing
FCF Positive and Growing$-3.2M
✗LynchPositive and growing
Operating Cash Flow$-4.0M
✗PiotroskiCFO > 0
(CFO / Total Assets) vs ROACFO/Assets=-147.75%, ROA=-187.60%
✓PiotroskiCFO/Assets > ROA
Price / (CFO / Shares)N/A (negative CFPS)
✗Dreman< 8x
P/E or FCF Yield
✗PabraiP/E < 15 or FCF Yield > 10%
FCF Positive0/1 years FCF positive
✗MarksPositive FCF in majority of recent years
(OCF - CapEx) / Market Cap
✗Ackman>= 4%
Price / FCF per Share
✗Ackman<= 25
Positive Operating Cash Flow frequency0/4 years positive
✗SleepPositive OCF in >= 70% of available years
Operating Cash Flow - Capital Expenditures
✗Neff> $0 (app proxy for a strong fundamental case)
(Operating cash flow - capex) / market capitalization
✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
Growth0% pass✓ 3✗ 10▾
No clean pass — all 8 investors flag at least one growth criterion
EPS Growth (3-yr avg, 10-yr window)
✗Graham>= 33% growth
Basic earnings-growth PEG (dividends excluded)
✗Lynch< 1.0 (ideally < 0.5)
3-5 Year EPS CAGR
✗Lynch15-30% (Fast Grower); > 0% to pass
Inventory Growth vs Revenue GrowthN/A (no inventory)
✓LynchInventory growth < Revenue growth
EPS Growth Direction$-0.55 (2021) -> $-4.79 (2024)
✗DremanPositive over recent years
EPS CAGR
✗Dreman> 5% annualized
Positive Net Income Frequency0/4 years positive
✗MarksPositive net income in >= 7 of last 10 years
3yr Median Revenue Growth19.3%
✓Ackman>= 5%
Positive EPS Growth Frequency0/3 years with positive EPS growth
✗AckmanPositive EPS growth in >= 3 of last 5 years
5-Year EPS CAGR
✗Templeton> 0% (5-year EPS CAGR)
Revenue growth vs. gross and operating margin trendrevenue up, operating margin -1406.3% -> -947.2%
✓SleepRevenue rising; gross margin flat or falling; operating margin holding
5-year Revenue CAGR
✗SleepCAGR > 7%
3-5 Year Diluted EPS CAGR
✗Neff7%-20% annualized
Profitability13% pass✓ 5✗ 30▾
14 of 16 flag LIPO's profitability — Graham, Buffett, Lynch +11 more
Positive EPS (10 years)0/5 years positive
✗GrahamPositive EPS every year for 10 years
EPS Growth (3-yr avg, 10-yr window)
✗Graham>= 33% growth
Net Income Positive (10+ years)0/5 years positive
✗BuffettPositive every year for 10+ years
ROE (up to 5-year arithmetic mean)-148.7%
✗Buffett> 15% arithmetic mean (app rule)
Operating Margin (10-yr trend)-947.2% (latest)
✓BuffettStable or rising over 10 years
Free Cash Flow Proxy$-4.6M
✗BuffettPositive and growing
Earnings Variance (10-yr CoV)
✗BuffettCoV < 0.3
Retained Earnings Effectiveness
✗Buffett$1 retained -> > $1 market value created
Basic earnings-growth PEG (dividends excluded)
✗Lynch< 1.0 (ideally < 0.5)
3-5 Year EPS CAGR
✗Lynch15-30% (Fast Grower); > 0% to pass
ROE-358.3%
✗Lynch> 15%
EBIT / Enterprise ValueN/A (EV <= 0)
✗Greenblatt> 10%
Earnings Yield + ROC AssessmentEY=N/A (EV <= 0), ROC=N/A (invested capital <= 0)
✗GreenblattBoth EY > 10% and ROC > 25%
Net Income / Total Assets-187.60%
✗PiotroskiROA > 0
ROA Change YoY-129.12% -> -187.60% (delta: -58.48%)
✗PiotroskiCurrent ROA > Prior ROA
(CFO / Total Assets) vs ROACFO/Assets=-147.75%, ROA=-187.60%
✓PiotroskiCFO/Assets > ROA
Gross Margin Change YoY
✗PiotroskiImproved YoY
Pre-Tax Income / Revenue-1367.4%
✗Dreman>= 8%
Net Income / Shareholders' Equity-358.3%
✗Dreman> 12%
Margin of SafetyP/B=0.0x
✓PabraiP/B < 1.5 or P/E < 15
Return on Equity-154.6% (3-yr avg)
✗AkreROE > 20% (3-year avg)
Discount to Intrinsic ValueN/A (negative normalized EPS)
✗Marks>= 20% below intrinsic value
Positive Net Income Frequency0/4 years positive
✗MarksPositive net income in >= 7 of last 10 years
Operating Income / Revenue-1387.9%
✗Ackman>= 15%
Net Income / Shareholders Equity-358.3%
✗Ackman>= 15%
5-Year EPS CAGR
✗Templeton> 0% (5-year EPS CAGR)
Operating Margin Trend-1406.3% (2022) -> -947.2% (2024)
✓TempletonNon-negative operating-margin trend over 3 years
Revenue growth vs. gross and operating margin trendrevenue up, operating margin -1406.3% -> -947.2%
✓SleepRevenue rising; gross margin flat or falling; operating margin holding
Net income / market capitalization-192271.25%; #6301/6340 (top 99.4%)
✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
Gross profit / total assets
✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
Net income / positive book equity-358.28%; #5020/5226 (top 96.1%)
✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
Negative 5-year standard deviation of ROA-0.5255; #4963/5884 (top 84.3%)
✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
3-5 Year Diluted EPS CAGR
✗Neff7%-20% annualized
Positive Diluted-EPS Years
✗Schloss>= 70% positive over 5-10 observed years (app rule)
Verdicts15% pass✓ 2✗ 11▾
Split decision: 11 FAIL · 3 NEUTRAL · 2 PASS
Overall verdict
✗GrahamFAIL (2/9)✗BuffettFAIL (1/9)✗LynchFAIL (2/7)•GreenblattNot ranked✗PiotroskiFAIL (F-Score 3)✗DremanFAIL (3/11)✓MungerPASS (2/4)✗PabraiFAIL (1/3)✗AkreFAIL (1/6)✗MarksFAIL (1/5)✗AckmanFAIL (2/9)✓TempletonPASS (4/8)✗SleepFAIL (2/6)•AsnessNEUTRAL (Not ranked)✗NeffFAIL (1/6)•SchlossNEUTRAL (4/7)•OshaughnessyNEUTRAL (Not ranked)
Efficiency25% pass✓ 3✗ 8▾
6 of 8 flag LIPO's efficiency — Buffett, Greenblatt, Piotroski +3 more
Current Ratio3.24
✓Graham>= 2.0
ROIC (3-5 yr avg)
✗Buffett> 10%
ROIC - WACC
✗BuffettPositive (WACC = 10%)
EBIT / (NWC + Net Fixed Assets)N/A (invested capital <= 0)
✗Greenblatt> 25%
Current Ratio Change YoY8.90 -> 3.47
✗PiotroskiIncreased YoY
Revenue / Total Assets Change YoY0.13x -> 0.20x
✓PiotroskiImproved YoY
Current Assets / Current Liabilities3.24
✓Dreman> 1.5
Return on Invested Capital-287.3%
✗Munger> 15%
ROIC (high and growing)FY2022: ROIC=-43.5%; FY2023: ROIC=-119.2%; FY2024: ROIC=-209.1%
✗AkreLatest 3 consecutive FYs: ROIC > 15% in each
Reinvestment Rate x ROICN/A (non-positive net income)
✗AkreReinvestment Rate * ROIC > 10%
ROIC (5-year)0/3 years above 12% (latest -209.1%)
✗SleepROIC > 12% in a majority of years

Business & financials

Financial snapshot: annual FY 2024. Current investor scores may use newer quarterly data.

Company Profile

Industry: Pharmaceutical Products

SIC Sector: Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals

Size: Micro Cap($2,772)

Revenue: $536357.00+19.3% YoY

Net Income: $5.0M-8.6% YoY

Financial Snapshot

Operating Margin-947.2%

Return on Equity-261.3%

Debt / Equity0.00

Current Ratio3.47

EPS (Diluted)$-4.79

Similar Companies

MRKMerck & Co., Inc.

$364.3B

ABTABBOTT LABORATORIES

$188.0B

BMYBRISTOL MYERS SQUIBB CO

$129.7B

TECHBIO-TECHNE Corp

$11.4B

Company Financials

Latest TTM and quarters alongside annual years

TTM sums four consecutive quarters and uses the latest quarter-end balances. Quarter columns show three-month results; annual columns show full-year totals. Growth compares the same period a year earlier. EPS is not added for TTM; full-year ratios are blank for quarters.

The latest annual period end is unavailable. Showing the latest fiscal cycle’s quarters; quarter and annual columns may overlap. Quarterly shows the full quarter history.

Metric	TTM · 2025-09-30 2024-10-01 – 2025-09-30 Sources · derived quarter values 10-K · 2025-03-28 10-Q · 2025-05-14 10-Q · 2025-08-14 10-Q · 2025-11-14 Derived from cumulative filings: revenue, net income, operating income, ebit, pre tax income, operating cash flow, depreciation amortization.	Q3 FY 2025 2025-07-01 – 2025-09-30 Sources · derived quarter values 10-Q · 2025-11-14 Derived from cumulative filings: revenue, operating cash flow, depreciation amortization.	Q2 FY 2025 2025-04-01 – 2025-06-30 Sources · derived quarter values 10-Q · 2025-08-14 Derived from cumulative filings: operating cash flow, depreciation amortization.	Q1 FY 2025 2025-01-01 – 2025-03-31 Sources 10-Q · 2025-05-14	FY 2024 Sources 10-K · 2025-03-28	FY 2023 Sources 10-K · 2024-02-27	FY 2022 Sources 10-K · 2023-03-31	FY 2021 Sources 10-K · 2023-03-31	FY 2020 Sources 10-K · 2023-03-31
Market Cap	$2.8Kcurrent	--	--	--	$3.3Mest.	$48.4Mest.	$113.7Mest.	$96.8Mest.	--
Revenue	$389.8K	$0↓100%	$86.7K↓36%	$129.4K↓11%	$536.4K↑19%	$449.6K↑144%	$184.2K↓29%	$259.3K	--
Operating Income	-$5.4M	-$1.3M↑13%	-$1.4M↓42%	-$1.3M↓9%	-$5.1M↓7%	-$4.7M↓83%	-$2.6M↓35%	-$1.9M	--
Net Income	-$5.3M	-$1.3M↑13%	-$1.3M↓42%	-$1.3M↓10%	-$5.0M↓9%	-$4.6M↓78%	-$2.6M↓39%	-$1.9M	--
EPS (Diluted)	--	$-0.28↑78%	$-0.31↓158%	$-0.64↓300%	$-4.79↓522%	$-0.77↓20%	$-0.64↓16%	$-0.55	--
Gross Margin	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Operating Margin	-1387.9%	—	-1564.2%↓124%	-1026.2%↓23%	-947.2%↑10%	-1055.6%↑25%	-1406.3%↓90%	-738.7%	—
ROE	-358.3%	—	—	—	-261.3%↓78%	-146.9%↓164%	-55.6%↑58%	-131.0%	—
Total Debt	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0↓100%	$25.0K	--	--
Shareholders' Equity	$1.5M	$1.5M↑2%	$2.7M↑61%	$4.1M↑59%	$1.9M↓39%	$3.1M↓33%	$4.7M↑228%	$1.4M↑207%	$463.3K
Current Ratio	3.24	3.24↑9%	4.60↑6%	6.21↑14%	3.47↓61%	8.90↑81%	4.92↓7%	5.31	—
Debt / Equity	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00↓100%	0.01	—	—
Operating Cash Flow	-$4.8M	-$926.1K↓42%	-$1.4M↓56%	-$1.4M↓3%	-$4.0M↓25%	-$3.2M↓72%	-$1.8M↓85%	-$989.3K	--
Free Cash Flow	--	--	--	--	--	-$3.2M	--	--	--

Score history

Historical Score Timeline

Industry peers

Industry Peers

Similar companies in Pharmaceutical Products

LIPO vs Peers — Financial Grading

Revenue$536357.00Bottom 25%

Net Income$5.0MMedian

ROE-261.3%Bottom 25%

D/E0.00Top 25%

Op. Margin-947.2%Bottom 25%

Curr. Ratio3.47Median

Company	Market Cap	Price	Revenue	Net Income	ROE	D/E	Op. Margin	Curr. Ratio	Graham	Buffett	Lynch	Greenblatt	Piotroski	Dreman
Merck & Co., Inc.MRK	$364.3B	$147.76	$65.0B	$18.3B	34.7%	0.94	—	1.54	2/9	5/9	4/7	0/3	F-Score 4	1/11
ABBOTT LABORATORIESABT	$188.0B	$108.52	$44.3B	$6.5B	12.5%	0.25	18.2%	1.58	3/9	4/9	2/7	1/3	F-Score 5	3/11
BRISTOL MYERS SQUIBB COBMY	$129.7B	$63.43	$48.2B	$7.1B	38.2%	2.44	19.4%	1.26	2/9	1/9	3/7	1/3	F-Score 8	5/11
BIO-TECHNE CorpTECH	$11.4B	$72.80	$1.2B	$73.4M	3.8%	—	8.4%	3.46	4/9	3/9	3/7	0/3	F-Score 5	4/11
REPLIGEN CORPRGEN	$10.7B	$167.79	$738.3M	$48.9M	2.3%	0.26	7.5%	8.37	3/9	2/9	3/7	0/3	F-Score 7	5/11
IONIS PHARMACEUTICALS INCIONS	$4.8B	$29.06	$943.7M	$381.4M	-78.0%	3.60	-40.4%	3.83	3/9	1/9	1/7	0/3	F-Score 4	3/11
NEOGEN CORPNEOG	$2.5B	$11.23	$870.4M	$7.9M	-0.4%	0.76	-2.5%	3.82	3/9	1/9	2/7	0/3	F-Score 6	4/11
Pharvaris N.V.PHVS	$2.4B	$33.36	—	$206.4M	-64.8%	0.00	—	—	0/9	0/9	2/7	0/3	F-Score 2	2/11