Voya Financial, Inc.

VOYA
About the company

Voya Financial, Inc. provides workplace benefits, and savings solutions and technologies in the United States and internationally. The company operates through three segments: Retirement, Investment Management and Employee Benefits. The Retirement segment offers full-service retirement products; recordkeeping services; stable value and fixed general account investment products; non-qualified plan administration services; and tools, guidance, and services to promote the financial well-being and retirement security of employees.

Country: United StatesPrice: $102.00Market Cap: $9.1B

Investment snapshot

25%positive consensus
Scored 1d ago

Positive

4

BUY / PASS

Neutral / negative

5 / 7

NEUTRAL / FAIL

Median fair value

$87.92

-13.8% vs price

Models with upside

1 / 16

Positive margin of safety

Key risk

All 4 investors flag VOYA's efficiency

Framework analysis

VerdictMeaning
BUYPositive purchase signal: the framework's buy requirements are met.
PASSThe company clears the framework's checklist or screen, but the framework does not produce a buy signal. For valuation frameworks this often means margin of safety is missing, insufficient, or unavailable; some screen-only frameworks have no intrinsic-value BUY state.
NEUTRALNeither a positive nor negative conclusion. It does not mean to hold an existing position.
FAILThe company does not clear the framework's requirements.
RankedRanked strategies do not use PASS: selected cohort is BUY, outside the cohort is FAIL, and unranked is NEUTRAL.

Current investor scores use trailing 12-month flows and the latest balance sheet where supported. Multi-year and EPS tests retain annual history; each framework shows its financial basis below. Intrinsic values use annual financials.

MetricGraham

Defensive Value

Buffett

Quality Compounder

Lynch

GARP

Piotroski

F-Score

Dreman

Contrarian Value

Munger

Quality Focus

Pabrai

Dhandho Framework

Akre

Three-Legged Stool

Marks

Risk-Aware Value

Ackman

Activist Value

Templeton

Global Bargain Hunter

Sleep

Scale Economies Shared

Asness

Systematic Factors

Neff

Low-P/E Total Return

Schloss

Asset-Value Discipline

O'Shaughnessy

Systematic Factor Composite

VerdictFAILPASSFAILNEUTRALNEUTRALPASSFAILFAILFAILNEUTRALPASSPASSNEUTRALFAILFAILNEUTRAL
Score
AnalysisChecking access…Checking access…Checking access…Checking access…Checking access…Checking access…Checking access…Checking access…Checking access…Checking access…Checking access…Checking access…Checking access…Checking access…Checking access…Checking access…
Intrinsic Value (annual)N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
Margin of Safety-18.0%N/AN/AN/A-14.1%N/A-194.9%+6.9%-213.2%N/A-12.7%N/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
Financial Basis

TTM ended 2026-09-30 · Annual history · FY 2025

Latest source filing: 2026-11-04

Score computed: 2026-11-14

Annual history · FY 2025

Latest source filing: 2026-02-20

Score computed: 2026-11-14

Annual history · FY 2025 · Balance sheet at 2026-09-30 · TTM ended 2026-09-30

Latest source filing: 2026-11-04

Score computed: 2026-11-14

Annual history · FY 2025

Latest source filing: 2026-02-20

Score computed: 2026-11-14

Annual history · FY 2025 · TTM ended 2026-09-30 · Balance sheet at 2026-09-30 · Market data at 2026-11-01

Latest source filing: 2026-11-04

Score computed: 2026-11-14

Qualitative assessment · Annual history · FY 2025 · Balance sheet at 2026-09-30

Latest source filing: 2026-11-04

Score computed: 2026-11-14

Qualitative assessment · Annual history · FY 2025

Latest source filing: 2026-02-20

Score computed: 2026-11-14

Annual history · FY 2025 · Qualitative assessment · Balance sheet at 2026-09-30

Latest source filing: 2026-11-04

Score computed: 2026-11-14

Annual history · FY 2025 · Qualitative assessment

Latest source filing: 2026-02-20

Score computed: 2026-11-14

Annual history · FY 2025 · TTM ended 2026-09-30 · Balance sheet at 2026-09-30 · Market data at 2026-11-01

Latest source filing: 2026-11-04

Score computed: 2026-11-14

Annual history · FY 2025 · Price history 2025-01-01–2026-11-01 · Balance sheet at 2026-09-30

Latest source filing: 2026-11-04

Score computed: 2026-11-14

Annual history · FY 2025 · Qualitative assessment

Latest source filing: 2026-02-20

Score computed: 2026-11-14

TTM ended 2026-09-30 · Balance sheet at 2026-09-30 · Price history 2025-01-01–2026-11-01 · Annual history · FY 2025

Latest source filing: 2026-11-04

Score computed: 2026-11-14

Annual history · FY 2025

Latest source filing: 2026-02-20

Score computed: 2026-11-14

Annual history · FY 2025 · Balance sheet at 2026-09-30

Latest source filing: 2026-11-04

Score computed: 2026-11-14

TTM ended 2026-09-30 · Annual history · FY 2025 · Price history 2025-01-01–2026-11-01

Latest source filing: 2026-11-04

Score computed: 2026-11-14

Where It Passes

    Where It Falls Short

    • Efficiency0% pass✗ 5▾

      All 4 investors flag VOYA's efficiency

      Revenue / Total Assets Change YoY0.05x -> 0.05x
      ✗PiotroskiImproved YoY
      Return on Invested Capital11.6%
      ✗Munger> 15%
      ROIC (high and growing)FY2023: ROIC=11.5%; FY2024: ROIC=10.6%; FY2025: ROIC=11.6%
      ✗AkreLatest 3 consecutive FYs: ROIC > 15% in each
      Reinvestment Rate x ROIC8.5% (RR=73% x ROIC=11.6%)
      ✗AkreReinvestment Rate * ROIC > 10%
      ROIC (5-year)0/3 years above 12% (latest 11.6%)
      ✗SleepROIC > 12% in a majority of years
    • Valuation8% pass✓ 4✗ 22▾

      11 of 12 flag VOYA's valuation — Graham, Lynch, Dreman +8 more

      Net income / market capitalization+6.86%; #1206/6340 (top 19.0%)
      ✓AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
      Price / 3-yr avg EPS17.1x
      ✗Graham<= 15x
      Price-to-Book Ratio1.9x
      ✗Graham<= 1.5x
      P/E x P/B33.10
      ✗Graham<= 22.5
      Basic earnings-growth PEG (dividends excluded)P/E 16.2x (growth N/A)
      ✗Lynch< 1.0 (ideally < 0.5)
      Price / EPS16.2x
      ✗Dreman< 12x✗Templeton< 12x (fixed ceiling; proxy for the market's cheapest 40%)
      Price / (CFO / Shares)7.4x
      ✓Dreman< 8x
      Price / Book Value per Share1.9x
      ✗Dreman< 1.2x✗Templeton< 1.5x✗SchlossP/B <= 0.80x (app cutoff)
      Valuation ReasonablenessP/E=16.2x
      ✓MungerP/E < 25 or Owner Earnings Yield > 5%
      P/E or FCF YieldP/E=16.2x
      ✗PabraiP/E < 15 or FCF Yield > 10%
      P/B or P/E vs. Historical AverageP/E=16.2x, P/B=1.9x
      ✓MarksP/E < 15 or P/B < 2.0
      Discount to Intrinsic Value-14.1% (IV=$89.40 vs Price=$102.00)
      ✗Marks>= 20% below intrinsic value
      Price / FCF per Share
      ✗Ackman<= 25
      Price vs. Trailing Low172% of trailing low ($59.20)
      ✗Templeton<= 120% of trailing low (certified split-adjusted live window)
      Positive book equity / market capitalization+0.4182; #3193/6449 (top 49.5%)
      ✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
      Price / Diluted EPS16.2x
      ✗NeffP/E <= 15x (app proxy for a P/E 40%-60% below the market)
      (EPS CAGR % + Dividend Yield %) / P/E-1.21
      ✗Neff> 0.7 (Neff's published traditional edge)
      Price / Tangible Book Value per Share2.92x
      ✗SchlossP/TBV <= 1.00x (app cutoff)
      Book Value per Share Change-35.1%
      ✗SchlossLatest BVPS >= earliest BVPS over >= 3 years (app rule)
      Revenue / market capitalization+0.8850; #1913/5247 (top 36.5%)
      ✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
      (Operating cash flow - capex) / market capitalization
      ✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
      Trailing six-month price return through the evaluation date+25.58%; #1152/6202 (top 18.6%)
      ✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
    • Profitability13% pass✓ 14✗ 18▾

      13 of 15 flag VOYA's profitability — Graham, Buffett, Lynch +10 more

      Net income / market capitalization+6.86%; #1206/6340 (top 19.0%)
      ✓AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section
      Positive EPS (10 years)7/16 years positive
      ✗GrahamPositive EPS every year for 10 years
      EPS Growth (3-yr avg, 10-yr window)
      ✗Graham>= 33% growth
      Net Income Positive (10+ years)10/16 years positive
      ✗BuffettPositive every year for 10+ years
      ROE (up to 5-year arithmetic mean)17.7%
      ✓Buffett> 15% arithmetic mean (app rule)
      Operating Margin (10-yr trend)12.7% (latest)
      ✓BuffettStable or rising over 10 years
      Free Cash Flow Proxy$-295.1M
      ✗BuffettPositive and growing
      Earnings Variance (10-yr CoV)3.62
      ✗BuffettCoV < 0.3
      Retained Earnings Effectiveness
      ✗Buffett$1 retained -> > $1 market value created
      Basic earnings-growth PEG (dividends excluded)P/E 16.2x (growth N/A)
      ✗Lynch< 1.0 (ideally < 0.5)
      3-5 Year EPS CAGR-21.6%
      ✗Lynch15-30% (Fast Grower); > 0% to pass
      ROE16.4%
      ✓Lynch> 15%
      Net Income / Total Assets0.37%
      ✓PiotroskiROA > 0
      ROA Change YoY0.41% -> 0.37% (delta: -0.04%)
      ✗PiotroskiCurrent ROA > Prior ROA
      (CFO / Total Assets) vs ROACFO/Assets=0.72%, ROA=0.37%
      ✓PiotroskiCFO/Assets > ROA
      Pre-Tax Income / Revenue8.9%
      ✓Dreman>= 8%
      Net Income / Shareholders' Equity16.4%
      ✓Dreman> 12%
      Margin of SafetyP/E=16.2x, P/B=1.9x
      ✗PabraiP/B < 1.5 or P/E < 15
      Return on Equity14.9% (3-yr avg)
      ✗AkreROE > 20% (3-year avg)
      Discount to Intrinsic Value-14.1% (IV=$89.40 vs Price=$102.00)
      ✗Marks>= 20% below intrinsic value
      Positive Net Income Frequency10/15 years positive
      ✓MarksPositive net income in >= 7 of last 10 years
      Operating Income / Revenue12.7%
      ✗Ackman>= 15%
      Net Income / Shareholders Equity16.4%
      ✓Ackman>= 15%
      5-Year EPS CAGR-21.6% CAGR over 4 years
      ✗Templeton> 0% (5-year EPS CAGR)
      Operating Margin Trend12.5% (2023) -> 12.7% (2025)
      ✓TempletonNon-negative operating-margin trend over 3 years
      Revenue growth vs. gross and operating margin trendrevenue up, operating margin 12.5% -> 12.7%
      ✓SleepRevenue rising; gross margin flat or falling; operating margin holding
      Gross profit / total assets
      ✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
      Net income / positive book equity+16.40%; #1038/5226 (top 19.9%)
      ✓AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
      Negative 5-year standard deviation of ROA-0.0040; #417/5884 (top 7.1%)
      ✓AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
      3-5 Year Diluted EPS CAGR-21.6% over 4 years
      ✗Neff7%-20% annualized
      Positive Diluted-EPS Years6/10 years positive
      ✗Schloss>= 70% positive over 5-10 observed years (app rule)
    • Valuation models17% pass✓ 1✗ 5▾

      Models split on VOYA at $102.00 — fair values range $32.57–$109.57

      Graham fair value$86.43
      ✗Graham-18.0% margin vs $102.00
      Dreman fair value$89.40
      ✗Dreman-14.1% margin vs $102.00
      Pabrai fair value$34.59
      ✗Pabrai-194.9% margin vs $102.00
      Akre fair value$109.57
      ✓Akre+6.9% margin vs $102.00
      Marks fair value$32.57
      ✗Marks-213.2% margin vs $102.00
      Templeton fair value$90.48
      ✗Templeton-12.7% margin vs $102.00
    • Verdicts36% pass✓ 4✗ 7▾

      Split decision: 7 FAIL · 5 NEUTRAL · 4 PASS

      Overall verdict
      ✗GrahamFAIL (1/7)✓BuffettPASS (3/7)✗LynchFAIL (2/6)•PiotroskiNEUTRAL (F-Score 5)•DremanNEUTRAL (7/10)✓MungerPASS (2/4)✗PabraiFAIL (0/3)✗AkreFAIL (0/6)✗MarksFAIL (3/5)•AckmanNEUTRAL (6/9)✓TempletonPASS (4/8)✓SleepPASS (3/6)•AsnessNEUTRAL (Not ranked)✗NeffFAIL (2/6)✗SchlossFAIL (2/7)•OshaughnessyNEUTRAL (Not ranked)
    • Growth38% pass✓ 6✗ 6▾

      5 of 8 flag VOYA's growth — Graham, Lynch, Templeton +2 more

      EPS Growth (3-yr avg, 10-yr window)
      ✗Graham>= 33% growth
      Basic earnings-growth PEG (dividends excluded)P/E 16.2x (growth N/A)
      ✗Lynch< 1.0 (ideally < 0.5)
      3-5 Year EPS CAGR-21.6%
      ✗Lynch15-30% (Fast Grower); > 0% to pass
      EPS Growth Direction$1.80 (2015) -> $6.29 (2025)
      ✓DremanPositive over recent years
      EPS CAGR13.3% CAGR over 10 years
      ✓Dreman> 5% annualized
      Positive Net Income Frequency10/15 years positive
      ✓MarksPositive net income in >= 7 of last 10 years
      3yr Median Revenue Growth9.6%
      ✓Ackman>= 5%
      Positive EPS Growth Frequency4/5 years with positive EPS growth
      ✓AckmanPositive EPS growth in >= 3 of last 5 years
      5-Year EPS CAGR-21.6% CAGR over 4 years
      ✗Templeton> 0% (5-year EPS CAGR)
      Revenue growth vs. gross and operating margin trendrevenue up, operating margin 12.5% -> 12.7%
      ✓SleepRevenue rising; gross margin flat or falling; operating margin holding
      5-year Revenue CAGR1.4%
      ✗SleepCAGR > 7%
      3-5 Year Diluted EPS CAGR-21.6% over 4 years
      ✗Neff7%-20% annualized
    • Debt & Leverage45% pass✓ 6✗ 7▾

      6 of 11 flag VOYA's debt & leverage — Lynch, Munger, Akre +3 more

      Debt/Equity & Interest CoverageD/E: 0.42, IC: 9.0x
      ✓BuffettD/E < 0.5 AND Interest Coverage > 5x
      Total Debt / Equity0.55
      ✗Lynch< 0.33
      Cash - Long-term Debt$-908.0M
      ✗LynchPositive preferred
      LT Debt / Total Assets Change1.28% -> 0.85%
      ✓PiotroskiDecreased YoY
      Total Debt / Shareholders' Equity0.55
      ✓Dreman< 0.8✓Templeton< 1.0 (fixed cap; proxy for below-sector-median leverage)✓SchlossD/E < 1.00x
      Debt Levels0.55
      ✗MungerDebt/Equity < 0.5✗AkreDebt/Equity < 0.3
      Interest Coverage & Debt/EBITDAIC=9.0x, D/EBITDA=N/A (D&A unavailable)
      ✗MarksInterest Coverage > 3x; Debt/EBITDA < 4x
      Total Debt / Shareholders Equity0.55
      ✓Ackman<= 1.0
      Negative debt-to-equity (higher means less debt)-0.5475; #2563/4210 (top 60.9%)
      ✗AsnessTop 30% of eligible cross-section
      Current Assets / Current Liabilities
      ✗SchlossCurrent ratio >= 1.50x (app cutoff)
    • Cash Flow50% pass✓ 6✗ 6▾

      5 of 10 pass — Buffett, Pabrai, Ackman +2 more object

      Free Cash Flow Proxy$-295.1M
      ✗BuffettPositive and growing
      FCF Positive and Growing$3.6B
      ✓LynchPositive and growing
      Operating Cash Flow$1.3B
      ✓PiotroskiCFO > 0
      (CFO / Total Assets) vs ROACFO/Assets=0.72%, ROA=0.37%
      ✓PiotroskiCFO/Assets > ROA
      Price / (CFO / Shares)7.4x
      ✓Dreman< 8x
      P/E or FCF YieldP/E=16.2x
      ✗PabraiP/E < 15 or FCF Yield > 10%
      FCF Positive6/6 years FCF positive
      ✓MarksPositive FCF in majority of recent years
      (OCF - CapEx) / Market Cap
      ✗Ackman>= 4%
      Price / FCF per Share
      ✗Ackman<= 25
      Positive Operating Cash Flow frequency15/15 years positive
      ✓SleepPositive OCF in >= 70% of available years
      Operating Cash Flow - Capital Expenditures
      ✗Neff> $0 (app proxy for a strong fundamental case)
      (Operating cash flow - capex) / market capitalization
      ✗OshaughnessyTop 10% of eligible cross-section

    Business & financials

    Financial snapshot: annual FY 2025. Current investor scores may use newer quarterly data.

    Company Profile

    Industry: Insurance
    SIC Sector: Insurance Carriers
    Size: Mid Cap($9.1B)
    Revenue: $8.2B+1.7% YoY
    Net Income: $654.0M-1.9% YoY

    Financial Snapshot

    Operating Margin12.7%
    Return on Equity13.2%
    Debt / Equity0.42
    Current Ratio--
    EPS (Diluted)$6.29+1.9% 1y
    Buybacks (1y)$200.0M
    Buybacks (2y)$840.0M
    Shares Retired1.7% / 7.9% 2y
    Sector-adjusted criteria: Insurer

    Insurers file unclassified balance sheets with no inventory or current accounts, so those criteria are omitted rather than failed for missing data. Return-on-invested-capital tests are omitted too: float funds the balance sheet but never appears in invested capital, and the portfolio it is invested in would be subtracted as spare cash. Debt tests are kept — an insurer’s borrowings are real leverage on top of underwriting.

    Shareholder Return

    Fiscal 2025

    Retired 1.7% of shares last year, 7.9% over two.

    Buybacks
    $200.0M
    Dividends
    $178.0M

    What drove EPS

    A buyback raises earnings per share without the company earning more. This splits each year's change into the two.

    FY22
    −74.1% = −78.5% + 20.3%
    FY23
    26.0% = 22.5% + 2.9%
    FY24
    13.8% = 6.7% + 6.7%
    FY25
    1.9% = −1.9% + 4.0%
    Earnings Fewer shares More shares

    The two parts do not sum exactly to the total — the difference is the cross-term, plus preferred capital where the company has any. It is left visible rather than distributed into the other two.

    Share count is the denominator the filer used for diluted EPS, recovered as net income ÷ EPS — not the balance-sheet count, which is a point-in-time figure and would put the timing difference into this split. Years with a loss are omitted: a smaller share count makes a loss per share larger, so the decomposition inverts.

    Company Financials

    Latest TTM and quarters alongside annual years

    TTM sums four consecutive quarters and uses the latest quarter-end balances. Quarter columns show three-month results; annual columns show full-year totals. Growth compares the same period a year earlier. EPS is not added for TTM; full-year ratios are blank for quarters.

    The latest annual period end is unavailable. Showing the latest fiscal cycle’s quarters; quarter and annual columns may overlap. Quarterly shows the full quarter history.

    MetricTTM · 2026-09-30

    2025-10-01 – 2026-09-30

    Sources · derived quarter values

    Derived from cumulative filings: revenue, net income, pre tax income, operating cash flow, dividends paid, buybacks.

    Q3 FY 2026

    2026-07-01 – 2026-09-30

    Sources · derived quarter values

    Derived from cumulative filings: operating cash flow, dividends paid, buybacks.

    Q2 FY 2026

    2026-04-01 – 2026-06-30

    Sources · derived quarter values

    Derived from cumulative filings: operating cash flow, dividends paid, buybacks.

    Q1 FY 2026

    2026-01-01 – 2026-03-31

    Sources
    FY 2025
    Sources
    • 10-K · 2026-02-20
    FY 2024
    Sources
    • 10-K · 2025-02-21
    FY 2023
    Sources
    • 10-K · 2024-02-23
    FY 2022
    Sources
    • 10-K · 2023-02-24
    FY 2021
    Sources
    • 10-K · 2022-02-22
    Market Cap$9.1Bcurrent------$7.2Best.$6.8Best.$6.9Best.$6.3Best.$6.7Best.
    Revenue$8.1B$2.0B↓5%$1.9B↓4%$2.0B↑3%$8.2B↑2%$8.1B↑10%$7.3B↑24%$5.9B↑42%$4.2B
    Operating Income--------$1.0B↑19%$870.0M↓5%$916.0M----
    Net Income$625.0M↑2%$209.0M↑9%$94.0M↓43%$182.0M↑17%$654.0M↓2%$667.0M↑7%$625.0M↑23%$510.0M↓78%$2.4B
    EPS (Diluted)--$2.09↑16%$0.97↓42%$1.75↑23%$6.29↑2%$6.17↑14%$5.42↑26%$4.30↓74%$16.61
    Gross Margin—————————
    Operating Margin————12.7%↑17%10.8%↓13%12.5%——
    ROE16.4%↑33%———13.2%↓21%16.7%↑12%14.9%↓2%15.2%↓47%28.7%
    Total Debt$2.1B↓1%$2.1B↓1%$2.1B$2.5B↑19%$2.1B↓16%$2.5B↑19%$2.1B↓6%$2.2B↓14%$2.6B
    Shareholders' Equity$3.8B↓23%$3.8B↓23%$4.7B↑1%$4.7B↑6%$5.0B↑24%$4.0B↓4%$4.2B↑25%$3.3B↓59%$8.3B
    Current Ratio—————————
    Debt / Equity0.55↑29%0.55↑29%0.45↓1%0.54↑12%0.42↓32%0.62↑25%0.50↓25%0.67↑112%0.31
    Operating Cash Flow$1.7B↑106%$644.0M↑283%$503.0M↓32%-$36.0M↑80%$1.3B↓4%$1.3B↓18%$1.6B↑21%$1.4B↑6045%$22.0M
    Free Cash Flow------------------

    Score history

    Historical Score Timeline

    Industry peers

    Industry Peers

    Similar companies in Insurance

    VOYA vs Peers — Financial Grading

    Revenue$8.2BBottom 25%
    Net Income$654.0MBottom 25%
    ROE13.2%Median
    D/E0.42Median
    Op. Margin12.7%Median
    Curr. Ratio—
    CompanyMarket CapPriceRevenueNet IncomeROED/EOp. MarginCurr. RatioGrahamBuffettLynchPiotroskiDreman
    UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INCUNH$365.1B$407.46$447.6B$12.1B12.0%0.784.2%0.793/74/72/6F-Score 63/10
    PROGRESSIVE CORP/OH/PGR$136.6B$235.78$87.7B$11.3B37.3%0.23——2/72/74/6F-Score 68/10
    MARSH & MCLENNAN COMPANIES, INC.MRSH$98.8B$207.78$27.0B$4.2B27.2%1.2823.1%1.103/73/72/6F-Score 65/10
    CHINA LIFE INSURANCE CO LTDCILJF$85.1B$3.01——————5/71/73/6F-Score 55/10
    Aon plcAON$71.8B$338.31$17.2B$3.7B39.5%1.6325.3%1.112/74/73/6F-Score 63/10
    HUMANA INCHUM$54.0B$450.00$129.7B$1.2B6.7%0.702.1%2.003/72/71/6F-Score 44/10
    SUN LIFE FINANCIAL INCSLF$40.5B$72.93$30.6B$2.6B14.5%0.33——3/73/72/6F-Score 66/10
    HARTFORD INSURANCE GROUP, INC.HIG$36.8B$137.48$28.4B$3.8B20.2%0.23——3/73/74/6F-Score 78/10